Archive for March 27th, 2022

15.1Business_Research_Method_Zikmund_8th_edi.pdf

370 Part 4: Measurement Concepts

CASE EXHIBIT 15.11 AHRQ Hospital Questionnaire (continued)

SECTION H: Background InformationThis information will help in the analysis of the survey results. Mark ONE answer by filling in the circle.

1. How long have you worked in this hospital?

a . Less than 1 year d. 11 to 15 years b. 1 to 5 years e. 16 to 20 years c. 6 to 10 years f. 21 years or more

2. How long have you worked in your current hospital work area/unit?

a . Less than 1 year d. 11 to 15 years b. 1 to 5 years e. 16 to 20 years c. 6 to 10 years f. 21 years or more

3. Typically, how many hours per week do you work in this hospital?

a. Less than 20 hours per week d. 60 to 79 hours per weekb. 20 to 39 hours per week e. 80 to 99 hours per weekc. 40 to 59 hours per week f. 100 hours per week or more

4. What is your staff position in this hospital? Mark ONE answer that best describes your staff position.

a. Registered Nurse h. Dietician b. Physician Assistant/Nurse Practitioner i. Unit Assistant/Clerk/Secretary c. LVN/LPN j. Respiratory Therapistd. Patient Care Assistant/Hospital Aide/Care Partner k. Physical, Occupational, or Speech Therapist

e. Attending/Staff Physician l. Technician (e.g., EKG, Lab, Radiology)f. Resident Physician/Physician in Training m. Administration/Management

g. Pharmacist n. Other, please specify:

5. In your staff position, do you typically have direct interaction or contact with patients?

a. YES, I typically have direct interaction or contact with patients.b. NO, I typically do NOT have direct interaction or contact with patients.

6. How long have you worked in your current specialty or profession?

a . Less than 1 year d. 11 to 15 years b. 1 to 5 years e. 16 to 20 years c. 6 to 10 years f. 21 years or more

SECTION I: Your CommentsPlease feel free to write any comments about patient safety, error, or event reporting in your hospital.

THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING THIS SURVEY.

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, “Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture,” http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/hospculture/.

Evaluate a Questionnaire

Evaluate a survey to measure the attitude of hospital employees regarding patient safety. The survey can be found as part of Case 15.1 (Zikmund et al., 2013). 

More information about the survey, its constructs (see Survey Items and Composite Measures), and survey guidance is available in the AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) website.  This survey is the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture.

For your evaluation be sure to consider:

  • the information that is being sought,
  • the content and words of individual questions,
  • the response forms to the questions,
  • the level of measurement,
  • and question sequence.

Length: Your paper should be between 5-7 pages, not including title and reference page.

References:  Include a minimum of five (5) scholarly sources.

Nozick against the idea that people can have positive rights

Nozick rejects Rawlsian redistributive schemes, arguing as follows:

The major objection to speaking of everyones having a right to various things such as equality of opportunity, life, and so on, and enforcing this right, is that these rights require a substructure of things and materials and actions; and other people may have rights and entitlements over those.  No one has a right to something whose realization requires certain uses of things and activities that other people have rights and entitlements over. (Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia, p. 238)

Evaluate this specific argument from Nozick against the idea that people can have positive rights (e.g., a right to equality of opportunity, shelter, health care, etc.) and that society can enforce this right.

SEU_MGT672_Module09_PPT_Ch08.pptx

International Management

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Chapter 8

Strategy Formulation and Implementation

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Learning Objectives

Discuss the meaning, needs, benefits, and approaches of the strategic planning process for today’s MNCs

Understand the tension between pressures for global integration and national responsiveness and the four basic options for international strategies

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Learning Objectives (continued 1)

Identify the basic steps in strategic planning, including environmental scanning, internal resource analysis of the MNC’s strengths and weaknesses, and goal formulation

Describe how an MNC implements the strategic plan, such as how it chooses a site for overseas operations

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Learning Objectives (continued 2)

Review the three major functions of marketing, production, and finance that are used in implementing a strategic plan

Explain specialized strategies appropriate for emerging markets and international new ventures

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Pharmerging Markets

Emerging markets hold tremendous growth potential for the pharmaceutical industry

Reason for disproportionate sales growth

Companies will have to increasingly depend on consumers in developing economies to continue to maintain growth

Expanding into emerging markets is accompanied by difficult growing pains

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Indian Drug Markets

Are uniquely positioned for manufacturing

Offer attractive labor costs and skilled workforce

Face issues related to protection of intellectual property, quality and safety, and pricing and profit margin

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Strategic Management

Process of:

Determining an organization’s basic mission and long-term objectives

Implementing a plan of action for pursuing the mission and attaining the objectives

Required to keep track of firms' increasingly diversified operations in a continuously changing international environment

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Strategic Planning

Helps an MNC coordinate and monitor its far-flung operations and deal with:

Political risk

Competition

Currency instability

Evidence for effectiveness of planning is mixed

Planning does not always result in higher profitability

Specifics will dictate the success of the process

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Approaches to Formulating and Implementing Strategy

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10

Focusing on the economic imperative

Addressing the political imperative

Emphasizing the quality imperative

Implementing an administrative coordination

Economic Imperative

Worldwide strategy based on:

Cost leadership

Differentiation

Segmentation

MNCs sell products for which a large portion of value is added in upstream activities of industry’s value chain

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11

Economic Imperative (continued)

Much of a product’s value is created through research and development, manufacturing, and distribution

Used when a product is regarded as a generic good and does not have to be sold based on name brand or support service

Global sourcing – Useful in formulating and implementing strategy

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Political Imperative

Strategy formulation and implementation utilizing strategies that are country-responsive and designed to protect local market niches

MNCs sell products for which a large portion of value is added in downstream activities of value chain

Success of product/service depends on marketing, sales, and service

Country-centered/multi-domestic strategy is used

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Quality Imperative

Takes two interdependent paths

Change in attitudes and raising of expectations for service quality

Implementation of management practices designed to make quality improvement an ongoing process

Total quality management (TQM)

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Forms of TQM

Cross-train personnel to do jobs of all members in work group

Process reengineering designed to help identify and eliminate redundant tasks and wasteful effort

Reward system designed to reinforce quality performance

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TQM Summarized

Quality – Operationalized by meeting or exceeding customer expectations

Quality strategy – Formulated at top management level and diffused throughout the organization

TQM techniques – Traditional inspection and statistical quality control and cutting-edge human resource management techniques

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Administrative Coordination

MNC makes strategic decisions based on merits of the individual situation

Does not use a predetermined economic or political strategy

Used when rapid, flexible decision making is needed to close the sale

Least common approach to formulation and implementation of strategy

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Global Integration versus National Responsiveness

Global integration

Production and distribution of products and services of a homogenous type and quality on a worldwide basis

National responsiveness: Need to:

Understand different consumer tastes in segmented regional markets

Respond to different national standards and regulations imposed by autonomous governments and agencies

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18

Basic International Strategies

International strategy: Mixed strategy combining low demand for integration and responsiveness

Multi-domestic strategy: Differentiated strategy emphasizing local adaptation

Global strategy: Integrated strategy based primarily on price competition

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Basic International Strategies (continued)

Transnational strategy: Integrated strategy emphasizing both global integration and local responsiveness

Appropriateness of each strategy depends on pressures for cost reduction and local responsiveness in each country served

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Steps in Formulating Strategy

Scanning the external environment for opportunities and threats

Conducting an internal resource analysis of company strengths and weaknesses

Formulating goals in light of the external scanning and internal analysis

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Environmental Scanning

Provides management with accurate forecasts of trends

Related to external changes in geographic areas where the firm is doing business or considering setting up operations

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Environmental Scanning (continued)

Changes:

Relate to environmental factors that can affect the company

Include the industry or market, technology, regulatory, economic, social, and political aspects

Central to discovering if an MNC can survive in a particular region

Effective only when it is done consistently

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Internal Resource Analysis

Helps firms evaluate their current managerial, technical, material, and financial resources and capabilities

To better assess their strengths and weaknesses

Determines firms' ability to take advantage of international market opportunities

Identifies key success factors (KSF) that will dictate how well a firm is likely to do

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24

Goal Setting

Precedes the first two steps of environmental scanning and internal analysis

More specific goals for strategic plan come from external scanning and internal analysis

Areas for formulation of MNC goals

Profitability, marketing, operations, finance, and human resources

Profitability and marketing goals top the plans and tend to be more externally environmentally responsive

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Strategy Implementation

Process of providing goods and services in accord with a plan of action

Includes:

Consideration of location for implementation

Execution of entry and ownership strategies

Implementation of functional strategies in marketing, production, and finance

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Considerations in Selecting a Country

Advanced industrialized countries that offer large markets for goods and services

Amount of government control and restrictions on foreign investment

Specific benefits offered by host countries

Low tax rates, rent-free land and buildings, low-interest or no-interest loans, subsidized energy and transportation rates, and good infrastructure

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Considerations for Choosing a Specific Locale

Access to markets

Proximity to competitors

Availability of transportation and electric power

Desirability of location for employees coming in from outside

Nature of workforce

Cost of doing business

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Frontier Markets

Unique subset of emerging economies

Less correlated to ups and downs of the global economy

Offer potentially high rewards, but with high risk

Business initiatives require careful strategic considerations

Potential strategy – Joint-venture with a local company with cultural knowledge of the market

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Role of Marketing in Implementation

Strategy implementation must be determined on a country-by-country basis

May be dictated by the overall strategic plan, which is based on market analysis

Marketing strategy involves four Ps

Product

Price

Promotion

Place

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Role of Production in Implementation

Production traditionally has been handled through domestic operations when exporting goods to foreign markets

Recent trends

Consideration of worldwide production

Global coordination of operations

Farming the product out to low-cost sites

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Role of Production Finance in Implementation

Transferring funds or borrowing funds in international money markets is less expensive than relying on local sources

Issues

Reevaluation of currencies

Inherent risk of volatile monetary exchange rates

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Specialized Strategies

Strategies for developing and emerging markets

Strategies for international entrepreneurship and new ventures

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Strategies for Emerging Markets

MNCs are increasingly focusing on emerging economies

Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into developing countries

Emerging markets present exceptional risks due to political and economic volatility

Corruption

Failure to enforce contracts

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Strategies for Emerging Markets(continued)

Red tape and bureaucratic costs

General uncertainty in legal and political environment

Types

First-mover strategies

Strategies for the base of the pyramid

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First-Mover Strategies

First-mover or early-entry positioning – Being the first or one of the first to enter a market

Capturing learning effects important for increasing market share

Achieving scale economies that accrue from opportunities for capturing that greater share

Developing alliances with the most attractive local partner

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First-Mover Strategies (continued)

Privatization supports the competitive effects of first-mover positioning

First movers who succeed in taking over newly privatized state-owned enterprises possess a significant advantage over later entrants

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Strategies for Base of Pyramid (BOP)

Strategy targeting low-income customers in developing countries

BOP forces companies to consider smaller-scale strategies

Ideal for incubating new, leapfrog technologies that reduce environmental impacts and increase social benefit

Business models can travel profitably to higher-income markets if successful

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Strategies for Base of Pyramid (BOP) (continued)

Challenging to implement – Companies must:

Offer affordable goods that are highly available in a community that is willing to accept the product

Bring awareness of the product to the general populace

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International Entrepreneurship

Combination of innovative, proactive, and risk-seeking behavior

Crosses national borders and is intended to create value in organizations

Innovative firms tend to grow faster when they internationalize earlier

Venture performance is improved by technological learning gained from international environments

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40

Born-Global Firms

Firms that engage in significant international activity a short time after being established

Successful born-global firms leverage a distinctive mix of orientations and strategies

Global technological competence

Unique-products development

Quality focus

Leveraging of foreign distributor competencies

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Be the Management Consultant

Given that the country is actively seeking foreign investors and appears to be creating a pro-business atmosphere, what non-oil businesses do you think would be best suited for expanding into Saudi Arabia?

If you were a foreign investor, what concerns would you have about the country? Would you make an investment in the country?

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Review and Discuss

Of the four imperatives discussed in this chapter—economic, political, quality, and administration—which would be most important to IBM in its efforts to make inroads in the Pacific Rim market?

Would this emphasis be the same as that in the United States, or would IBM be giving primary attention to one of the other imperatives? Explain

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Review and Discuss (continued 1)

Define global integration as used in the context of strategic international management

In what way might globalization be a problem for a successful national organization that is intent on going international?

In your answer, provide an example of the problem

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Review and Discuss (continued 2)

Some international management experts contend that globalization and national responsiveness are diametrically opposed forces, and that to accommodate one, a multinational must relax its efforts in the other

In what way is this an accurate statement? In what way is it incomplete or inaccurate?

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Review and Discuss (continue 3)

Consider that both a retail chain and a manufacturing company want to expand overseas

What environmental factors would have the most impact on these companies?

What ratio of environmental scanning to internal analysis should each employ?

What key factors of success differentiate the two?

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Review and Discuss (continued 4)

Anheuser-Busch is attempting to expand in India, where beer is not widely consumed and liquor dominates the market

What areas should be targeted for strategic goals?

What could be some marketing implications in the Indian market?

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Review and Discuss (continued 5)

What particular conditions that MNCs face in emerging markets may require specialized strategies?

What strategies might be most appropriate in response?

How might a company identify opportunities at the “base of the pyramid” (i.e., low-income markets)?

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Review and Discuss (continued 6)

What conditions have allowed some firms to be born global?

What are some examples of born-global companies?

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Review and Discuss (continued 7)

Mercedes changed its U.S. strategy by announcing that it is developing cars for the $30,000 to $45,000 price range (as well as its typical upper-end cars)

What might have accounted for this change in strategy?

In your answer, include a discussion of the implications from the standpoints of marketing, production, and finance

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SEU_MGT510_Module09_PPT_Ch10.ppt

*

CONTEMPORARY STRATEGY ANALYSIS

tenth edition

Robert M. Grant

John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2019

Chapter 10

Vertical Integration and the Scope of the Firm

  • Transaction Costs and the Scope of the Firm
  • The Benefits and Costs of Vertical Integration
  • Designing Vertical Relationships

Vertical Integration and

the Scope of the Firm

Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

OUTLINE

33

  • Business Strategy is concerned with how a firm computes within a particular market
  • Corporate Strategy is concerned with where a firm competes, i.e. the scope of its activities
  • The dimensions of scope are:
  • vertical scope
  • geographical scope
  • product scope

From Business Strategy to Corporate Strategy: The Scope of the Firm

Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

TRANSACTION COSTS AND THE SCOPE OF THE FIRM

34

Multiple specialist firms vs. integration within a single firm

Specialized firms

Single integrated firm

Vertical scope:

Electric cars

Product scope:

Entertainment

Geographical

scope:

Banking

LG (Battery)

Ford (Final assembly)

Magna (Drivetrain)

S Video games

O Consumer

N electronics

Y Movies

Wells Fargo (US)

Banco Bradesco (Brazil)

Lloyds Banking Group (UK)

T Battery

E

S Drivetrain

L

A Assembly

Nintendo (Video games)

MGM (Movies)

Panasonic (Consumer electronics)

Ford Focus Electric

H US

S UK

B Brazil

C + other countries

TRANSACTION COSTS AND THE SCOPE OF THE FIRM

Expanding Scale and Scope

  • scale economies from new technologies
  • new management tools
  • multidivisional structure
  • computers
  • international expansion

Restructuring, Refocusing and Downsizing:

  • Quest for shareholder value: focus on core competences and core businesses
  • Turbulent business environment: inflexibility of large, complex hierarchies
  • Digital revolution

Top 100 companies’ share of total employment (%)

The changing scale and scope of large US companies

Consolidation through mergers and acquisitions

Quest for scale and market dominance in both mature and hi-tech sectors

Second Industrial Revolution: Growth of industrial giants assisted by electricity, the telephone, innovations in

management and organization

Railways, canals, and telegraph expand firms geographical reach

TRANSACTION COSTS AND THE SCOPE OF THE FIRM

Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

*

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1890 3.1
1900 4.2
1910 4.9
1920 6
1930 6.7
1940 6.8
1950 9.6
1960 13
1970 14.4
1980 13.8
1990 11.6
2000 11.3
2010 11.5
2020 11.7
  • Technical economies from integrating processes e.g. iron and steel production

—but doesn’t necessarily require common ownership

  • Avoids transactions costs of market contracts in situations where there are:

— small numbers of firms

— transaction-specific investments

— opportunism and strategic misrepresentation

— taxes and regulations on market transactions

  • Superior coordination

The Benefits of Vertical Integration

7

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THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF VERTICAL INTEGRATION

39

  • Differences in optimal scale of operation between different stages of production prevent balanced vertical integration
  • Inhibits development of distinctive capabilities
  • Difficulties of managing strategically different businesses
  • Incentive problems: lack of “high-powered” incentives
  • Limits flexibility– in responding to demand fluctuations

— in responding to changes in technology,

customer preferences, etc.

(But, may be conducive to system-wide flexibility)

  • Compounding of risk

The Costs of Vertical Integration

Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF VERTICAL INTEGRATION

40

How many firms in the adjacent stage?

Do transaction-specific investments necessary?

The greater the need for transaction-specific investments, the greater the advantages of VI

Is information evenly distributed across the stages?

The greater are information asymmetries, the greater the advantages of VI

Is there uncertainty over the period of the relationship?

The greater the uncertainty, the more incomplete is the contract and the greater the advantages of VI

How similar is optimal scale between the two stages?

The greater the dissimilarity, the less advantageous is VI

How strategically similar are the two stages?

Do capabilities in the adjacent stage need to be continually upgraded?

The fewer the number, the less advantageous is VI

Are profit incentives critical to performance?

The greater the need for high-powered incentives the greater the disadvantages of VI

Unpredictable demand reduces advantages of VI

Is market demand uncertain?

The greater the need for capability development the greater the disadvantages of VI

Is the adjacent stage highly risky?

VI tends to compound risk

Characteristics of the vertical relationship

Implications for VI

Vertical Integration v. Outsourcing: Key Considerations

Do transaction-specific investments necessary?

THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF VERTICAL INTEGRATION

*

Iron ore

mining

Steel

production

Steel strip

production

Can

making

MARKET

CONTRACTS

VERTICAL

INTEGRATION

MARKET

CONTRACTS

Canning of

food, drink, oil, etc.

VERTICAL

INTEGRATION,

AND MARKET

CONTRACTS

What factors explain why some stages are vertically integrated,

while others are linked by market transactions?

The Value Chain for Steel Cans

Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF VERTICAL INTEGRATION

  • Choices not limited to vertical integration or arms-length market contracts:

— Several intermediate types of vertical relationship: these may combine benefits of both market transactions and internalization

  • Key issues in designing vertical relationships:

— No generic solution: depends upon the resources,

capabilities and strategy of the individual firm

— How is risk to be allocated between the parties?

— Are the incentives appropriate?

Long-Term Contracts and

Quasi-Vertical Integration

Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

DESIGNING VERTICAL RELATIONSHIPS

41

Spot sales/ purchases

Long-term contracts

Agency agreements

Franchises

Vertical integration

Joint ventures

Informal supplier/ customer relationships

Supplier/ customer partnerships

Degree of Commitment

Formalization

Different Types of Vertical Relationship

Low

High

Low

High

Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

DESIGNING VERTICAL RELATIONSHIPS

3

  • From competitive contracting to supplier partnerships, e.g. in autos
  • From vertical integration to outsourcing (not just components, also IT, distribution, and administrative services).
  • Diffusion of franchising
  • Technology partnerships (e.g. IBM- Apple; Canon- HP)
  • Inter-firm networks

General conclusion:- boundaries between firms and markets are becoming increasingly blurred.

Recent Trends in Vertical Relationships

Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

DESIGNING VERTICAL RELATIONSHIPS

42

9 Decision-Making for Entry Strategies and Organizational Structures

 

In Chapters 8 and 9, we reviewed several types of global expansion strategies a company can undertake when entering new markets. For this assignment, you will read a case study about Starbucks expansion into the Indian market (p. 413 in the textbook) and then respond to, and make decisions, based on the following questions:

  1. What inspired Starbucks to venture in to India? What were some of the companys early concerns and other obstacles? 
  2. How would you describe Starbucks approach to entering India and how Starbucks was influenced by cultural differences to adapt its offerings for the Indian market?
  3. Why did Starbucks want to enter India through a joint venture? Specifically, what benefits did Starbucks and the Tara Group both gain by partnering with one another? What synergies were present? What conflicts occurred and how were they resolved?
  4. Now, assume the role of the Director of Starbucks Indian strategic planning team. You have been tasked to explore the benefits and challenges of expansion into foreign countries through joint-venture partnerships. Describe the opportunities, benefits, and concerns that Starbucks might face by doing so. Summarize the cultural environment, choose an entry strategy from the text, and describe how you would implement this entry strategy. Make sure you are very detailed in your explanation. 

 Your should meet the following requirements:

  • Be 5-6 pages in length, which does not include the title page, abstract, or required reference page, which is never a part of the content minimum requirements.
  • Use  APA (7th ed) style guidelines.
  • Support your submission with course material concepts, principles, and theories from the textbook and at least two scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles. 

 

Required:

Chapters 8 & 9 in International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior

in International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior

In-Depth Integrative Case Study 3.1: How Starbucks Convinced Indians to Embrace Coffee (p. 413) in International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior

Ahsan, M., & van Wyk, J. (2018). Journal of Managerial Issues, 30(1), 28.

Al-Tit, A., Omri, A., & Euchi, J. (2019). Administrative Sciences, 9(2), 32.

Jiang, F., Ananthram, S., & Li, J. (2018). Management International Review, 58(3), 413-447. 

9 Corporate Strategy and Vertical Integration

 Critical Thinking:

 Scope of the Modern Company 

In this module, we looked at technology-based industries and the management of innovation review Case 12: Tesla: Eni SpA: The Corporate Strategy of an International Energy Major, p. 503 (in your textbook). Remember: A case study is a puzzle to be solved, so before reading and answering the specific case study questions, develop your proposed solution by following these five steps:

  1. Read the case study to identify the key issues and underlying issues. These issues are the principles and concepts of the course module, which apply to the situation described in the case study.
  2. Record the facts from the case study which are relevant to the principles and concepts of the module. The case may have extraneous information not relevant to the current course module. Your ability to differentiate between relevant and irrelevant information is an important aspect of case analysis, as it will inform the focus of your answers.
  3. Describe in some detail the actions that would address or correct the situation.
  4. Consider how you would support your solution with examples from experience or current real-life examples or cases from textbooks.
  5. Complete this initial analysis and then read the discussion questions. Typically, you will already have the answers to the questions but with a broader consideration. At this point, you can add the details and/or analytical tools required to solve the case.

Case Study Questions:

  1. Evaluate Enis corporate strategy in terms of its alignment with the characteristics and requirements of its industry environment and its resources and capabilities.            
  2. Looking ahead over Enis next four-year planning period (2019-22), what changes in Enis corporate strategy would you recommend? 
  3. How should Eni allocate its resources across its different businesses and between different geographical areas? In particular:
  4. Should Eni continue to focus most of its capital investment on its upstream business?
  5. Should Eni divest (i) its chemicals business, and (ii) its engineering, construction, and oilfield services subsidiary (Saipem)?
  6. Should Eni continue with its vertically integrated strategy in natural gas? 
  7. Should Eni invest more heavily in renewable energy sources (e.g., wind power, solar power, and geothermal power)?
  8. Evaluate the recent changes to the organizational structure that Mr. Descalzi has introduced. What further organizational and management changes would you recommend? 

You should meet the following requirements: 

  • Be 4 to 5 pages in length, which does not include the required title and reference pages, which are never a part of the content minimum requirements.
  • Use  APA style guidelines.
  • Support your submission with course material concepts, principles, and theories from the textbook and at least two scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles unless the assignment calls for more.
  • It is strongly encouraged that you submit all assignments into the Turnitin Originality Check before submitting it to your instructor for grading. If you are unsure how to submit an assignment into the Originality Check tool, review the Turnitin Originality CheckStudent Guide for step-by-step instructions.
  • Review the grading rubric to see how you will be graded for this assignment.

 Required:

  • Chapter 9 and 10 in Contemporary Strategy Analysis
  • in Contemporary Strategy Analysis
  • in Contemporary Strategy Analysis
  • Wadstrm, P. (2019). Journal of Business Strategy, 40(4), 44-52.
  • Hodge, N. (2019). . Risk Management, 1(31).

A Behavioral Economist Teaches us Economics Start Assignment Eden

I know this is lengthy, but it does a great job providing real-world, applicable examples of economics. 

I would recommend chunking it into sections if you don’t want to listen to the entire thing.

After you listen, submit a powerpoint/google slideshow focusing on the following topics from the video.

  • Clawback Incentives and Loss aversion
  • Uber
  • Philanthropy
  • Non Financial Incentives
  • Making Decisions on the Margin
  • Field Experiments in Economics

See the rubric provided to learn how you’ll be graded.

paper1.docx

1

AFFECTIVE FORECASTING

AFFECTIVE FORECASTING

Isaac Estrada

Florida International University

Hypothesisexplanation.docx

Hypothesis explanation

The principal objective is to demonstrate the difference of participants expectations before solving anagrams, and their feeling after the same exercise. We are going to manipulate their expectations adding three different levels, low expectation, medium expectation, and high expectation, and they have to solve ten anagrams, which only five of them have solution and the remaining five do not have a solution. In other words We have two basic predictions. First, when they were told to imagine the average participant solved 5 out of 10 anagrams, we predicted that if participants were told that most people solved 8 out of 10 anagrams (high expectation condition), then they would expect to feel less satisfied than participants who were told that most people solved 2 out of 10 anagrams (low expectation condition), with those participants who were told that most participants solve 5 out of 10 anagrams (middle expectation condition) falling in between the high and low expectation groups. However, for our second hypothesis, we predicted that there would be no differences in participant satisfaction between the high, low, and middle expectation conditions after participants completed the anagram task.

Significant finding: “Using Expectation Condition as our independent variable (High, Middle, or Low) and recall of how many anagrams participants were told the average person solves the event as the dependent variable, we saw a significant effect, X2(4)=122.97, p<.001. Most participants in the “High” condition recalled being told that the average person solves 8 out of 10 anagrams (80,5%); most participants in the “Middle” condition recalled being told that the average person solves 5 out of 10 anagrams (74.4%); and most participants in the “Low” condition recalled being told that the average person solves 2 out of 10 anagrams (82,90%). Cramer’s V was strong for this analysis. This indicates that participants saw our manipulation as intended. “See Table2.