Competency

Compare and contrast the major characteristics of the U. S. healthcare delivery system with the systems of other developed countries.

Scenario

You are the new Director of the International Relations Division of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and have been tasked with researching and creating a draft healthcare delivery model for the U.S. As you work with your team, you discover that other developed nations have very interesting components that make up their healthcare systems. Before you complete a proposed U.S. healthcare delivery model that can be viewed as sustainable and crafted strictly for the U.S. given the healthcare climate and rules and government, you thought you should first compose an ideal healthcare delivery system composed of the best components from the world’s developed nations, including the United States.

The United States Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Global Affairs is the diplomatic voice of the Department of Health and Human Services that fosters critical global relationships, coordinate international engagement across HHS and the U.S. government, and provide leadership and expertise in global health diplomacy and policy to contribute to a safer, healthier world ()

Instructions

Create a proposed healthcare delivery model based on a combination of developed nations’ health systems (including the U.S.) using the best parts of each: Outcomes, costs, and processes. The proposed model should include a full report that has the following elements:

• A detailed definition of healthcare in the U.S. under this proposed model.
• A SWOT analysis per country (minimum of 5 countries) from around the world. One country from each quadrant of the world is required (north, south, east, and west) and one country must be the U.S.
• Each country should have a minimum of two strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats regarding their national healthcare systems’ outcomes, costs, and processes.
  • For example, Country 1: two strengths on the outcomes, two weaknesses on the outcomes, two opportunities on the outcomes, two threats on the outcomes. Two strengths on the costs, two weaknesses on the costs, two opportunities on the costs, two threats on the costs. Two strengths on the processes, two weaknesses on the processes, two opportunities on the processes, two threats on the processes.
• A comparison chart of the costs of healthcare in the U.S. with the costs of healthcare in other developed nations.
• A comparison chart of the U.S. health outcomes to the health outcomes of the other developed nations.
• Recommend strategies you believe would be best to use in a healthcare delivery model for the U.S. only using the best parts of models from other developed nations.

The report should include two pages for each country, as well as a cover page and reference page.

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1.  

Read the Community Tool Box chapter related to developing logic models.  In terms of the overall layout and sections to incorporate, please utilize one of the two attached examples as the template for your health issue and target population.

Remember that a logic model is a visual representation of how a program’s activities should contribute to the desired outcomes for the program.  It should reflect a clear “if-then” logic. 

As such, this logic model should provide a clear snapshot of how your program should, in an ideal world, fulfill its mission.

2.  

This assignment is where you will provide a detailed plan for your health program, describing your key strategies and activities in a logical sequence along with your marketing plan and budget.  In keeping with the representation depicted in your logic model, your program’s strategies and activities must properly reflect an effort to achieve your program’s goals and objectives.  If they are not fully and clearly connected, then you have a problem with your program’s logic.

Your assignment must include the following components:

 The program must be completed in one year or less; as such, you must include a timeline

 A clear sequence and description of your program’s key activities/strategies. 

Review the “Identify Core Components and Elements of the Intervention” area of Chapter 18, Section 1 in the Community Tool Box for guidance.

Be explicit about which activity/strategy supports which of your program’s objectives – including how it will allow the objective to be fulfilled

 A clear and detailed marketing plan for your program (Note that your marketing efforts must be included in your program’s timeline.)  Review the appropriate Community Tool Box reading for guidance.

 A detailed budget of up to $25,000, provided in table form, to reflect the costs for marketing and implementing your program.  Note that you do NOT need to include salaries in this budget. Think about such items as equipment, supplies, incentives, space rental fees, etc.

For each listed item in your budget, be sure to be specific about what you need (e.g. if you need blood glucose meters for your program, break down thetotal cost by listing the price per unit).  I have attached an example of a budget table for guidance with the layout

A column devoted to the “justification narrative” for each item listed must also be included.  Here you will describe/justify the purpose of each item you have listed.

Formatting and Other Requirements

 Assignment must be attached as ONE SINGLE document

 Title page with name, assignment title, and university (APA-style)

 Double-spaced

 Times New Roman font, 12-point

 1 margins on all four sides

 4-5 pages in length (length requirement does not take title page into consideration)

The two assignments should be in separate documents.

 Q#1

 

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was originally invented and validated in the United States but proved to be a highly reliable diagnostic tool for identifying severity of depression in other countries too. Based on BDI-based national assessment screening for depression, Finland has national BDI average of 2.59 (std = 1.17) and Denmark has national BDI average of 5.0 (std = .4). Imagine that you are a clinician working with people Denmark and Finland and try to answer questions below.

1. Your patient has a BDI score of 4. You should you be concerned about this patient if Answerabc

a. she is from Denmark

b. she is from Finland

c. there is no reason to believe that the country matters

2. Your patient has a BDI score of 5.5. Should you be more concerned about this patient if Answerabc

a. she is from Denmark

b. she is from Finland

c. there is no reason to believe that the country matters

3. A BDI score of 3 will indicate severe levels of depression (a great deal above population average) in Answerabcd

a. Finland

b. Denmark

c. both countries

d. neither country

4. Convert a BDI score of 3.5 from Finland and a BDI score of 3.5 from Denmark to z-scores.  Answerabcd

a. z-score (Denmark) = -3.75 and z-score (Finland) = .78

b. z-score (Finland) = -3.75 and z-score (Denmark) = .78

c. conversion to z-scores is not possible.

d. conversion to z-scores is unnecessary as we know everything we need to know from raw BDI scores already.

5. Convert a z-score to percentile for a patient from Finland and show where this patient is in relation to the population of Finland. Answerabcd

a. appr. 78 percentile (22% of the population are MORE depressed than this person)

b. 40 percentile (60 % of the population are MORE depressed than this person)

c. appr. 29 percentile (71% of the population are LESS depressed than this person)

b. 70 percentile (30 % of the population are LESS depressed than this person)

6. Convert a z-score to percentile for a patient from Denmark and show where this patient is in relation to the population of Denmark.  Answerabcd

a. 23 percentile (77% of the population are LESS depressed than this person)

b. 50 percentile (50 % of the population are MORE depressed than this person)

c. below .1 percentile (99.9% of the population are MORE depressed than this person)

b. 70 percentile (30 % of the population are LESS depressed than this person)

Q#2

The univariate statistics were obtained with SPSS for the following three variables: age of participants, gender of participants (male vs. female), and race of participants (White, African American, Hispanic). The results are presented in the table below.

Mean

St. Deviation

N

Age

25.5

3.1

200

Gender

1.4

.24

200

Race

2.56

1.23

200

Using the information in the table, answer the questions below:

1. Interpret the mean for Age (25.5): AnswerABCD

(A) 50% of all participants were 25.
(B) 25.5 is the average age of all participants in this sample.
(C) 50 % of all participants were 28 (25 + 1 std).
(D) The mean for Age cannot be interpreted as it represents nothing that exists physically.

2. Interpret the mean for Gender (1.4): AnswerABCD

(A) 40% of all participants in the sample were women.
(B) 60% of all participants in the sample were men.
(C) Both A and B are correct.
(D) The mean for Gender cannot be interpreted as it represents nothing that exists physically.

3. Interpret the mean for Race (2.56): AnswerABCD

(A) 56% of all participants in the sample were White.
(B) 34% of all participants in the sample were African American.
(C) 50% of all participants in the sample were Hispanic.
(D) The mean for Race cannot be interpreted as it represents nothing that exists physically.

Q#3

 

Apple conducted a test of customer ratings for their new i-Phone. Customers of various demographics were given new i-Phone models to try and then asked to rate them and give reviews. Ratings were on a 6-point Likert scale: Totally hated (1), Did not like it (2), Neutral (3), OK (4), Like a lot (5), Best of the best (6). Below are the ratings and the univariate statistics on the ratings.

Mean = 3.2, Median = 3, std = .96, N (sample size) = 1550.

i-Phone Liking Scores()Totally hated (1)10Did not like it (2)160Neutral (3)640OK (4)500Like a lot (5)210Best of the best (6)20

Using these data, answer several questions below.

1. If we want to know how many respondents had a negative attitude towards a new phone, we would compute: Answerabcd

a. Frequency for those who indicated that they hated the phone.

b. Frequency for those who indicated that they did not like the phone

c. Frequency for those who were neutral

d. Cumulative frequency for those whose answers were did not like and totally hated

2. Estimate skewness in this data set by comparing the mean and the median ratings. Based on your analysis, do you expect Answerabc

a. Slight positive skewness

b. Slight negative skewness

c. No skewness

3. Based on your analysis of skewness, what measure of central tendency should be used in this case? Answerabc

a. Only the mean

b. Only the median

c. Both the mean and the median will be equally informative

4. Finish the sentence. Combining information from the mean and the standard deviation, we expect 68% of the participants to be in the range of  Answerab

a. 1.28 5.12

b. 2.24 4.16

5. True or false? Within 96% of the participants (+/- 2 standard deviations around the mean), there were no responses of the totally hated kind. Answerab

a. True

b. False    

6. What are your conclusions about the new phone? Answerabcd

a. The most typical response to the phone is “neutral”.

b. We do not need to worry about totally hated responses because those are outliers (too extreme to consider representative for this group).

c. The phone did ok on the tests of customer satisfaction and can be recommended for serial production.

d. All of the above are valid conclusions.

Topic –  Sexual and Reproductive Dimensions of Women’s Health 

 

A research paper is to be written on one of the categories that is of greatest interest to the student.  This allows the student a lot of freedom and creativity to use graphs or illustrations.

This paper must be written in APA style. The body of the paper must be a minimum of 3 content pages but not more than 4 pages.  This paper is to be double-spaced with one inch margins all around in a 12 point font. It should include a title page, an abstract, in-text citations where appropriate, and must contain a separate reference page (per APA format). Grammar and spelling must be correct.

APA style is a form of writing academic papers that keeps the paper objective. It is written in the third person. There is no use of “I, me, my, you, yours, us, we, our,” or similar pronoun. There are no abbreviations or slang terms.  It is a formal style of writing. Remember, the author is a reporter conveying information as objectively as possible.

This paper must include at least three references (not including the textbook) of which at least one should be a peer-reviewed journal article from the EU library.

This assignment will be graded according to the final criteria:

20%: Correct and relevant content pertaining to course

20%: Correct spelling/grammar of all information presented

20%: Clarity of thought, expression and presentation

20%:  Length and correct use of APA style and format

20%:  References

 

Instructions

You are a healthcare administrator at a large metropolitan teaching hospital. Your hospital is in the middle of a crisis involving surgical residents. In recent years, the level of operating room deaths involving surgeries that your residents have been involved in has increased. As a result, the number of malpractice suits that have been leveled against your hospital has also increased. This is not only reducing the hospitals revenue, but it is also damaging the reputation of the hospital. An internal investigation has shown that many of the surgical residents have been performing two to three surgeries back to back after working a 24-hour shift. Your human resources department had indicated that this could be a contributing factor in the number of operating room deaths.

Compose an essay in which you detail the following points regarding this crisis:

• Identify and define the crisis type that the hospital is experiencing.
• Describe the crisis management triad and how it could be utilized in this situation.
• Describe how you plan to improve the performance of the surgical residents and how your plan could improve patient care by reducing the number of operating room deaths.

Your essay should consist of at least three pages, not including your title page or reference page. Please be sure that all sources, including your textbook, are cited and referenced properly using APA formatting. You must utilize at least two sources for your response.

For the case study, students will prepare an assessment of between 1100 and 1200 words of text, 1.5 spaced. Each case study should have a separate bibliography including at least 2 references, using APA format. Bibliography does not count towards word count.  Each assessment should have:

Title

Topic sentence (a single sentence or two which summarize the students understanding of the situation, the actions taken by the consulting engineer, and lessons learned)

Situation assessment (What was the factual situation on the ground? What were the main challenges? What role could, and should, the consulting engineer play?)

Lessons learned (this should include not just the lessons learned by the consulting engineer as expressed in the case study, but the lessons learned by the student looking at the case study as a whole)

What is the general principle behind using an autoclave? How does it work?

What is the advantage of using an autoclave (generates steam with high pressure and temperature) to sterilize surgical instruments rather than simply boiling them in water?

What are sterility indicators? Why must they be used?

Why is it important to use microbial control methods in the clinical setting?

List two examples of microbial control precautions that are used in the clinical setting and explain the purposes for which they are used?

 

The file Delldata.xlsx (available on the companion website) contains

monthly returns for the Standard & Poors stock index and for Dell stock.

The beta of a stock is defi ned as the slope of the least-squares line used to

predict the monthly return for a stock from the monthly return for the market.

Use this fi le to perform the following exercises:

a. Estimate the beta of Dell.

b. Interpret the meaning of Dells beta.

c. If you believe a recession is coming, would you rather invest in a highbeta

or low-beta stock?

d. During a month in which the market goes up 5 percent, you are 95

percent sure that Dells stock price will increase between which range

of values?

Using as reference:

Title: Health Policymaking in United States 

Edition: 6th (2015) 

Author: Longest 

Publisher: ACHE Book 

ISBN: 978-1-56793-719-0 

In not less than 150 words Research a current health policy of your choice and discuss why you find it relevant to you personally and the population. You may also discuss any changes you would make to the policy. Please provide justification for the change. 

In two different paragraph with not less than 75 words give your personal opinion to Dianna Adair and  Sasha Bluitt  

 Sasha Bluitt 

The Affordable Care Act was enacted in March 2010. The health policy allows more affordable healthcare for all people. Working in healthcare and seeing how having little to no insurance affects people is heartbreaking. I find relevance to this policy because I’m sure we all have had a time where our children or ourselves have been without healthcare for a short period of time. The ACA helps prevent people from being without healthcare and find affordable healthcare facilities and physicians. 

Dianna Adair 

The policy that Ive chosen to discuss today is that relating to womens reproductive rights. I will try to keep it uncontroversial as I don’t want to spark any wars! The unfortunate reality is that over half the states in the U. S. have curtailed womens reproductive rights. I am not talking specifically about abortion (which I know can be a heated discussion primarily debated by middle aged white men instead of women). The abortion issue has, however, affected policy that governs other benefits of reproductive healthcare. Specifically, several states have made it their mission to remove family planning funds which pay for birth control and reproductive health checkups.

Planned Parenthood is a major provider of reproductive healthcare services, with low-cost STD testing, free and low-cost birth control, and free or low-cost exams to screen for cervical cancer or other conditions relevant to reproductive health. Yes, some of these facilities do provide abortion access, but the majority of patients come there for comprehensive care for other issues. In an attempt to punish Planned Parenthood for offering abortion services, their funding has been slashed in policy enactment in several states. In 2018, a Tennessee law was enacted to exclude agencies that provide abortion from eligibility to receive family planning funds, even if those funds do not directly go to abortion services (Nash, Gold, Mohammed, Ansari-Thomas, & Cappello, 2018).

Back in 2015, I was living in Texas and didnt have many womens health clinics in my area. One only accepted a particular type of Medicaid, and the other was Planned Parenthood. At the time, Texas had enacted policy that defunded Planned Parenthood for the same reason as Tennessee did in 2018. I needed an exam and birth control, but the only insurance I had was the state-funded Womens Health Plan. I ended up having to pay out of pocket 800 dollars to get the care I needed that should have been covered by my insurance, but no one in my area accepted it. I was a single mom at the time to a 5-year-old and was already working two jobs to afford my apartment and keep food on the table plus pay for childcare. The backlash from this policy did eventually result in a Judge blocking the defunding of Planned Parenthood in 2017 due to the horrific consequences (Almasy, 2017).

I know Ive been a bit long-winded, so I should get to the point! Family planning funding should be given to all clinics willing to provide the services, regardless of if they offer abortion services. There is a lot of evidence showing that access to low-cost or free birth control significantly reduces the amount of abortions, so those who are pro-birth should consider it as an option to stop abortion. If it were up to me, policy would dictate an appropriate amount of funds to these services for all women so that low-income families do not have to struggle to support extra unexpected children or go without regular check-ups. Cervical and breast cancers have a greater survival rate when they are caught as early as possible, so access to reproductive health services is vital to this process.

Regards,
Dianna

References:
Almasy, S. (2017). Judge blocks Texas from defunding Planned Parenthood. Retrieved from:
Nash, E., Gold, R. B., Mohammed, L., Ansari-Thomas, Z., & Cappello, O. (2018). Laws affecting reproductive health and rights: State policy trends at Midyear, 2018. Retrieved from: