Week 6 Assignment: Memo You Decide

• Due Sunday by 11:59pm
• Points 75
• Submitting a file upload

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

• Textbook: Chapter 8; review previous chapters
• Lesson
• Link (file):
• You Decide (See page in Week 6)
• Minimum of 2 scholarly sources 

Instructions
This assignment presents a difficult and painful medical dilemma, with you in an imagined professional role. Go through the You Decide scenario and make the decision it calls for. Then, compose an official memorandum that will be kept for the record and could potentially be read not only by your Peer Review Committee but also by those involved in charitable fundraising, which supports hospital development, as well as by others with financial interests in the decision.

In the memo (use the Memo Template), explain your decision and your reasoning for it. Include the following:

• Who benefits from what you decided? Explain why.
• Who gets denied a needed benefit? Explain why.

You will see notice that there is time pressure in the simulated situation, so remember that you would not have the luxury to dawdle in the decision-making process, and as the decision maker, you would not have the luxury of consulting a broad spectrum of advisors. It falls on you to decide!

Include in the memo the utilitarian ethical philosophy of John Stuart Mill (from the lesson last week) and one other ethical philosopher of your choosing that we have studied to date. Use both of those philosophies to bolster your decision.

Writing Requirements (APA format)

• Length: 2-3 pages (not including title page or references page)
• 1-inch margins
• Double spaced
• 12-point Times New Roman font
• Title page
• References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources)

Grading
This activity will be graded based on Ethical Analysis Grading Rubric.

Weekly Objectives (WO)
WO5.1 

Due Date: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday

Rubric

Ethical Analysis Grading Rubric – 75 pts (2)Ethical Analysis Grading Rubric – 75 pts (2)CriteriaRatingsPtsThis criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLength5.0 ptsOutstandingMeets length requirement0.0 ptsNo Effort5.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContent10.0 ptsOutstandingAddresses all aspects of the assignment.8.5 ptsAbove AverageAddresses most aspects of the assignment.7.5 ptsAverageAddresses some aspects of the assignment.6.0 ptsBelow AverageAddresses few aspects of the assignment.0.0 ptsNo Effort10.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAnalysis20.0 ptsOutstandingThroughout the whole work, the writing shows depth of critical thought; leverages readings and course materials in support of writers evident effort to understand ethical problems; establishes good use of theoretical underpinnings.17.0 ptsAbove AverageThroughout most of the work, the writing shows depth of critical thought; leverages readings and course materials in support of writers evident effort to understand ethical problems; establishes good use of theoretical underpinnings.15.0 ptsAverageThroughout some of the work, the writing shows depth of critical thought; leverages readings and course materials in support of writers evident effort to understand ethical problems; establishes good use of theoretical underpinnings.12.0 ptsBelow AverageThroughout little of the work, the writing shows depth of critical thought; leverages readings and course materials in support of writers evident effort to understand ethical problems; establishes good use of theoretical underpinnings.0.0 ptsNo Effort20.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeOrganization20.0 ptsOutstandingIdeas are logically organized, including inviting introduction (with a thesis statement) and a satisfactory conclusion, that come together in complete concepts.17.0 ptsAbove AverageIdeas are well organized, including inviting introduction (with a thesis statement) and a satisfactory conclusion, with complete concepts.15.0 ptsAverageOrganization and concepts need some restructuring.12.0 ptsBelow AverageOrganization and concepts are difficult to follow and incomplete.0.0 ptsNo Effort20.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting / Presentation10.0 ptsOutstandingThroughout the whole work, the writing/presentation actively engages with the topic; is free of major errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation; demonstrates strong word choice and sentence variety; has a professional and consistent format and articulates clearly (presentation).8.5 ptsAbove AverageThroughout most of the work, the writing/presentation actively engages with the topic; is free of major errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation; demonstrates strong word choice and sentence variety; has a professional and consistent format and articulates clearly (presentation).7.5 ptsAverageThroughout some of the work, the writing/presentation actively engages with the topic; is free of major errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation; demonstrates strong word choice and sentence variety; has a professional and consistent format and articulates clearly (presentation).6.0 ptsBelow AverageThroughout little of the work, the writing/presentation actively engages with the topic; is free of major errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation; demonstrates strong word choice and sentence variety; has a professional and consistent format and articulates clearly (presentation).0.0 ptsNo Effort10.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAPA: Citation and Reference Formatting10.0 ptsOutstandingThroughout the whole work, in-text references are formatted using APA style; references page/slide includes complete bibliographic information for sources using APA style; format (margins, spacing font size) adheres to APA style (paper).8.5 ptsAbove AverageThroughout most of the work, in-text references are formatted using APA style; references page/slide includes complete bibliographic information for sources using APA style; format (margins, spacing font size) adheres to APA style (paper).7.5 ptsAverageThroughout some of the work, in-text references are formatted using APA style; references page/slide includes complete bibliographic information for sources using APA style; format (margins, spacing font size) adheres to APA s

Effective arms control agreements are not generated by one nations willingness to make one-sided sacrifices; they are the product of the realization that all parties would gain from them. Nations enter into arms agreements because they have good reason to fear the consequences of unshackled military power.

For many years the Soviet Union and the U.S. engaged in an ever-escalating arms race involving the constant development of more innovative and powerful nuclear weapons. The Nonproliferation Treaty helped to slow down this escalation and put in place an agreement that helped to deter those nations without nuclear weapons from developing them. Military historians, career servicemen, and laymen have pondered why, with all of this capability, neither of these powers has initiated an attack (first-strike). Is this the result of the policy of mutually assured distraction (MAD)?

After reading the module notes and all supplemental materials, respond to following:

• Illustrate the concept of mutually assured destruction (MAD) and describe its role as a deterrent in the prevention of first-strike attacks.
• Discuss the morality of the MAD concept.
• Given the current state of world military affairs, discuss whether this policy can continue to be the cornerstone of our military policy.
• Are there any alternatives other than the forging of effective arms control treaties?

Support your position using appropriate sources that are properly cited. Your paper should be 2 pages in length (not including title and reference pages). It must be formatted according to  [PDF, File Size 131 KB], 6th edition, including title and reference pages.

As computer and internet technologies have advanced and become more easily accessible across the world, we are seeing an explosion of social activists, government agencies and terrorists using these technologies to further their efforts. Government and non-government entities use the internet to spread propaganda and information, recruit support and demonize opponents. The efforts of some radical groups, like ISIS, to shut down US infrastructure and thwart military activity can clearly be labeled as cyberterrorism. However, some groups, such as the loosely associated international network of self-proclaimed hacktivists identified as Anonymous, are blurring the lines between what constitutes terrorism and what is simply social activism. As technology continues to advance and further our capabilities, we are continuously presented with new and intriguing moral questions.

After reading the module notes and all of the supplemental materials, respond to the following:

• Briefly define cyberterrorism. Define hacktivism. Illustrate examples of each in current events within the last decade.
• What is the fundamental difference between these two?
• How has technology helped to advance these groups?
• How do you think our governments response to such groups has changed our attitudes towards our own freedoms?
• In your opinion, do you think Hacktivism is justified or is it just a subset of cyberterrorism? Give some examples to support your stance.

Support your position using appropriate sources that are properly cited. 

We are living in the most technologically advanced time in human history. Children born around the 90s and later were said to have been born with technology at their feet. Now everywhere we look we can see kids brought up with tablets, phones, televisions, and computers. Little by little, Internet and mobile technology seems to be subtly destroying the meaningfulness of interactions we have with others, disconnecting us from the world around us, and leading to an imminent sense of isolation in todays society (The Bottom Line, 2012). From an early age we are shown to carry our pieces of technology everywhere we go. There is no wonder why we grow up and do the same thing we did as kids and fail to look around us instead of a screen. It seems the more we know somebody and are more comfortable with them the more we find it acceptable to change our focus to our handheld technologies. I am sure I am not the only one, but I find it funny when I am walking somewhere I am not too familiar with, next to people I do not know, I tend to unconsciously take out my phone and stare at it. It is almost as if staring at a screen doing anything little task like looking through my email for no sudden reason, will take me out of any awkward and weird situation. Instead of simple greetings to passersby on the street, we simply look down and check our phones for a quick second. I find the more advanced technology gets, and the more technologies come out we as people get so intrigued that we get more attracted to it. For example, I have had my current phone for years, I know the basics of this particular model pretty well. Because I am familiar with it, I dont find that curiosity I once had when I first got it anymore. Companies come out with the next big phone, video game, app, console, TV, and computer with what feels like every other week. We are consistently looking at continuous change around us that we arent as excited as we once were earlier in our lives. As a kid, I had to have the latest console to play the newest game just to keep up with my friends. I cant recall every time my mom would waltz into my room and tell me to do something and shortly after yell at me because my eyes were glued to my screen. Now, not a lot has changed. I dont stare at my television anymore with as much excitement or find as much amusement from video games. But my focus has changed to my cell phone along with all the fun applications on it. And instead of my mom yelling at me, my wife is there to take her place.

            In conclusion, due to my own experience I cant help but realize that technology is only going to push us farther apart socially. Technology is not going to stop, and we are always going to find an excuse to need the latest gadget. The more overwhelmed and mesmerized we are kept with the newest tech, the more times we wont think twice about getting it and continuing the trend. The human race will continue to try to resolve this antisocial problem we created with more technology. Let me be clear: Technology has absolutely been instrumental in shifting our world to become what it is today. Because of technology, were able to get tasks done more quickly, get in touch with friends and co-workers across the globe with the touch of a button and seem more connected to the world around us (Ashworth, C., 2019).

References

The Bottom Line (2012) Technology is Destroying the Quality of Human Interaction retrieved from

Ashworth, C (2019) Are We Losing the Human Connection? Retrieved from

Research Brief

Describe what you believe to be the single most influential person-machine relationship that has contributed to the creation of human factors as a discipline in the aviation industry. Explain the situations or conditions associated with that contribution, and how it influenced what came afterward. Conclude your description with where that contribution stands today and what the next evolution is likely to be that is connected or associated with your choice.  

Present this as a brief. Your brief should be approximately 800 words in length and should be written in APA format. 

Stating the null and alternative hypotheses correctly is crucial to using data to answer health questions. But is there only one correct way to define the null and alternative hypotheses to address the health question you are studying? Why or why not?

In 200 words or more, create a post that fully
addresses the following. 

For your Discussion , please carefully read chapter 11 in  

Title: The Law of Healthcare Administration 

Edition: 8th (2017) 

Author: Showalter 

Publisher: Health Administration Press 

Book ISBN: 978-1567938760 . 

These pages focus on two cases: In re Quinlan and the Terri Schiavo  case. While the cases do focus on devastating and emotionally charged situations, please consider the importance of the advance directives in such circumstances and how having such instruments available in the Quinlan and Schiavo  case would have impacted the families and the outcome of each case.

After reading both cases, please discuss the following:

• As a health administrator, discuss the importance of securing advance directives at the time of inpatient registration or emergency care.
• As a health administrator, discuss how advance directives would have facilitated care in the Quinlan and Schiavo  cases.
• Include in your initial post, the reasons why patients neglect or overlook creating such instruments.
• Finally, who speaks for patients when the patient is not able to make their wishes known? Further, is this, in your view, patient self-determination? Explain.

In two different paragraph with no less than 100 words give your personal opinion to  Marivette Bedoya and Crystal Moore 

 Crystal Moore 

It is extremely important for healthcare administrators to implement a policy that requires every cognitively registered patient to complete/sign an advance directive of some sort. Advance directives are pertinent to the patients care while admitted and could be the deciding factor for life-saving measures such as blood transfusions or intubation. 

As a health administrator, I think that there were many issues with the care related to Quinlan and Schiavo. Regarding Quinlan, the patient was in a consistent vegetative state with no chance of recovering to live a good quality of life. Although there was no clear definition of the type of death related to Quinlan (death or brain death) the patients quality of life was greatly diminished (Showalter, 2017). Her father took actions to withdraw support so that his child would not live in such a state. In my opinion, I believe the physicians were not ethical by overruling the fathers decision to initially withdraw care. The patient lived in a suspended state of life unable to speak, eat or move. We must ask ourselves, what kind of living is that for someone?

In the care of Schiavo, my opinion is that the husband had the right to decide his wife’s care (Showalter, 2017). When a man and woman marry it is the spouse who ultimately has the right to make decisions unless stated otherwise. We do not know if Terri and her husband had conversations about what her wishes would be in the time of a medical crisis, conversations the parents probably did not know about. Both of these cases are sad but they raise awareness about the importance of advance directives. Ultimately, this is a grey area that causes great turmoil to the patient suffering.

I believe that many people overlook the importance of creating advance directives or a living will because it is an uncomfortable conversation. Discussing final wishes in the event that you are no longer able to decide for yourself when near death is scary to think of therefore, many people do not consider them.

In the event that a patient is unable to make a decision about their care the following should: spouse, adult child, parent or guardian then finally next of kin. In the event that a patient suffers from an illness that makes them incompetent a power-of-attorney should be established. For someone who suffers an illness like dementia for example, a dementia directive should be filled out and the patients wishes discussed thoroughly with the main people responsible for the patients care should the disease progress (Gaster, 2019). It is always best to have a plan in the event that you cannot make decisions for yourself, it is conversation that must be had with loved ones so they know what your wishes are in the end. 

~Crissy

References

Gaster, B. (2019). An Advance Directive for Dementia: Documents that can guide care as dementia patients minds gradually fade. Generations, 7982.

Showalter, J. S. (2017). The Law of Healthcare Administration (8th ed.). Chicago, IL.: Health Administration Press.

Marivette Bedoya 

Advance directives address a number of issues concerning the directions if a patient wants to receive artificial respiration, dialysis, or any extraordinary measures in a situation that could result in death. Advance directives tend to help in avoiding disputes between family members regarding the treatment of a relative by giving direction to healthcare providers concerting the care to be provided to the patient (Advance Directives: Making Crucial Healthcare Decisions Before an Emergency, n.d.). As a health administrator it would be important that I follow through with the wishes of the patient, to make them feel satisfied and comfortable. 

In the Quinlan and Schiavo cases, the 22 year old woman is highly unlikely to even think about an advance directive. I personally have never thought of creating an advance directive. If Karen Quinlan did have an advance directive, then her parents and medical professionals would not have gone through the courts to make a decision in regard to the patients life because her wishes would have been pursued prior to her brain injury. With the Schiavo case, I feel and think the same as the Quinlan case. If she had her wishes done then possibly living her last 15 years in an unconsciousness state would have not happened. Again, they were both young and did not think of an advance directive. 

When a patient is not able to make their own wishes known, the immediate family members such as parents, siblings, husbands or wives normally make the decision involving healthcare. If the patient does not have any family members then I believe it is the physicians who chose the proper course of action of treatment to the patients. If the patient is not able to make their own decisions about their care, I believe it is patient self-determination. Self-determination encourages all people to make choices and decision about the type and extent of medical care one wants to accept or refuse should they become unable to make those decision due to illness (Gapna, 2013). 

References:

Advance Directives: Making Crucial Healthcare Decisions Before an Emergency. (n.d.). Retrieved from

Gapna. (2013, April 12). Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA). Retrieved from

Case scenario is attached

You have been promoted to the role of office manager of a healthcare administration company. Prior to your assuming this role, you learn that the previous manager was lackluster and allowed employee morale and performance to go downhill. In your first few days on the job, you notice this behavior first hand; there are a number of unproductive and non-performing employees.

Some employees perform their job functions slowly and inefficiently, while others perform as little work as possible. Some come in late to work, or take long breaks and lunches. There is no system of accountability, nor are there rewards in place for excellent performance. The overall culture of the department has become sour and lazy.

What steps would you take to attempt to turn office morale and employee performance around? Be sure to discuss opportunities for employee education and training, and how the promotion of lifelong learning in the workplace for both you and your employees could bring about a positive change. Write in a response to each case scenario. Your Journal entry should be at least 500 words.

Go to teradatauniversitynetwork.com

Watch the Web seminar entitled Real-Time Data Warehousing: The Next Generation of Decision Support Data Management

Watch the Web seminar entitled Building the Real-Time Enterprise.

Read the article Teradatas Real-Time Enterprise Reference Architecture: A Blueprint for the Future of IT,

Go to teradatauniversitynetwork.com and view the web seminar given by C. Imhoff and T. Zouges.  Locate two other Web seminars related to data mining. 

Create a WORD document of at least 500 words (1-2 pages) on how these concepts and technologies work and how they can be used to support day-to-day decision making.  Make sure you cite the sources above in your paper and include References at the bottom of your paper with the exact URL where you found the sources.

Week 6 Individual Project:

Models are only useful if they help us identify key aspects of policy, mimic reality, communicate concepts in a meaningful way, give means by which they can be tested, and hypothesize about the causes and consequences of public policy.

Order and Simplify Reality

Models need to strike a balance between simplifying reality in order to analyze political life and the danger of oversimplifying.

Identify What Is Significant

A difficult task in applying any model is determining what aspects of public policy must be included.

Be Congruent with Reality

While models are only concepts, they must have a relationship with reality.

Provide Meaningful Communication

A model is only meaningful if it is based on ideas for which some consensus exists.

Direct Inquiry and Research

Any model must be testable and capable of being validated. 

Suggest Explanations

Models must go beyond description of public policy to explication

Using at least 300 words, write a paper describing (1) Do all policy models share certain limitations? (2) What are these limitations? (list limitations for each model list limitations for at least 3 models we discussed from chapters 1-6) )

Your document should be a Word document. To receive full credit for this individual project, you must include at least two references (APA) from academic resources (i.e. the ebook,  Library resources, etc.). The research paper must be free of spelling and grammatical errors. References must be cited correctly using APA style. Your Safe Assign score must be 20% or less to be accepted.