Write two replies to the two discussions in the attached materials respectively. They are two separate discussions, please write the replies separately. Keep each of the reply around 250-350 words. Use APA for citation if there are any references.

Base replies on research and ideas from external sources or personal experience

Avoid posting replies that are limited to I agree or great idea, etc. If you agree (or disagree) with a post then explain why by supporting your statement with concepts from the course readings and/or by bringing in a related example from something else you have read or from personal experience (work experience, family experiences, prior coursework, readings, movies youve seen, etc.)

Bring different opinions and perspectives to the discussion. It is interesting when people have different things to say about a topic.

Week 5: Case Study Overview
Week 5 Case Study: Unemployment
Overview
People need income in order to consume, and consumption leads to production, and production leads to higher demand for labor (employment), so unemployment is a crucial macroeconomic issue that confronts all modern economies. A lower unemployment rate, however, is not the end of the problem. The type of employment and the price of labor (wages) have to be sufficient for consumption (which is the major component of GDP) for the economy to be healthy. If wages are low or if the prices in the economy are high, consumption would be low and thus, production and demand for labor would be low as well. So high unemployment rate, high part-time employment rate for economic reasons, and low wages could have negative effects on economic growth.

Assignment Description
In this assignment, you need to analyze unemployment-related issues. You need to analyze only one issue (topic).

You are going to study the past trends, provide an overview of the current status, and provide solutions to overcome any problems related to the issue you are studying. You will use data, articles, and government reports to draw a clear picture of the current unemployment issues.

Some unemployment-related topics that you could choose from (choose only one topic) include the following.

Part-time employment rates for economic reasons
Unemployment rates among young college graduates
Unemployment rates by gender
Unemployment rates among Black and Hispanic communities
Low supply of labor (professionals) in certain industries
High supply of labor in education
Low wages by profession and their causes
Low demand for labor in some industry (you could choose whatever industry you wish)
Low wages in some parts of the country
High unemployment rate among workers with high school diploma or less
Your research needs to be structured with consistent and clear thoughts. It also needs to be supported by facts and data. Your results need to be based on solid facts. Your conclusion and recommended solution need to be thorough and based on your findings and understanding of unemployment and GDP.

Writing Style and Page Number Requirements
Font Type: Times New Roman or Arial

Font Size: 12

Spacing: Double

Number of Pages: Six to seven pages, along with a separate Title page and a separate References page

Introduction

Include the following in your introduction.
A clear definition of unemployment and how and why it rises and declines in the economy
Briefly provide your understanding of the relationship between economic growth (GDP growth), high/low unemployment, high/low wages, and the way they impact one another.
An overview of the current unemployment rates in the economy using facts and statistics (tables or graphs)
A brief description of the unemployment-related issue (topic) that you are going to address in this paper

Data

Obtain data from at least two credible sources (not Wikipedia) to provide facts about unemployment and wages and their growth pattern and their current statuses.
Obtain data about changes in unemployment rates for a period of 10 years.
Obtain historical data (10 years or more) about GDP growth rate (percentage) and Real GDP volume (in dollar value).
Obtain historical data (10 years or more) about the issue (topic) you are going to study in this paper, as well as data about its current status.
Use tables, graphs, and figures to support your argument. You can find the latest unemployment data at www.bls.gov (Links to an external site.) (Bureau of Labor Statistics).

Analysis

This section needs to contain the following discussions based on the data that was gathered and your understanding of unemployment and GDP.
Unemployment Rates: Discuss the trends of unemployment rates over the past 10 years and provide your objective analysis of the changes in unemployment and the current rates. Place extra emphasis on the periods where unemployment was either too high or too low (higher or lower than the natural rate of unemployment).
Issues (your choice): Discuss the unemployment-related issue. Provide an overview of the trends and use facts to highlight the major changes in the trends and the current status. State the reasons why you believe the issue you are analyzing represents a challenge for the economy.

Conclusion and Solution

This section needs to cover the following areas.
Highlight the causes of the issue that you selected and how it impacts the economy negatively and why it needs to be addressed by policy makers.
State your own solution. Basically, answer the following question.
What would you do to solve the issue you addressed if you were in charge of the U.S. economy? State why.

Reference List

Use at least three professional sources to support your argument. The references need to be in APA format. To learn more about APA format, click on the link below.

APA Resource (Links to an external site.)

1. Please prepare and submit your solutions to the THREE cases below.

Case A

Electricar Inc. is considering expanding manufacturing capacities in Asia. This would involve an initial investment of 4 billion RMB . The plant will start production after one year. It is expected to last for five years and a have a salvage value and the end of this period of 500 million RMB in real terms. The plant will produce 100 000 cars a year. The firm anticipates that in the first year it will be able to sell each car for 65 000 RMB, and thereafter the price is expected to increase by 4% a year.

Raw materials for each car are forecasted to cost 20 000 RMB in the first year and these costs are predicted to increase by 3% yearly. Total labor costs for the plant are expected to be 1.1 billion RMB in the first year and thereafter will increase by 7% a year. The land on which the plant is built can be rented for five years at a fixed cost of 300 million RMB a year payable at the start of each year. Electricar Inc. discount rate for this type of projects is 10% (nominal). The expected rate of inflation is 5%. The plant can be depreciated straight-line over the five-year period and profits will be taxed at 20%. Assume all cash flows occur at the end of each except where otherwise stated.

What is the NPV of the project plant for Electricar Inc ?

Case B

A gadgets producer currently manufactures 300000 units per year. It buys gadgets lids from an outside supplier at a price of 2,1 USD per lid. The plant manager believes that it would be cheaper to make these lids rather than buy them. Direct production costs are estimated to be only 1,6 USD a lid. The necessary machinery would cost 155000 USD and would last 10 years. This investment could be written off for tax purposes using the seven-year accelerated tax depreciation schedule. The plant manager estimates that the operation would require additional working capital of 32000USD but argues that this sum can be ignored since it is recoverable at the end of the 10 years. If the company pays corporate taxes at a rate of 35% and the opportunity cost of capital is 15%, would you support the plant managers proposal? State clearly any additional assumptions that you need to make to support your position.

Case C

Marta Daniels has bought a used horse transporter for her Kentucky estate. It costs 30000 USD. The project is to save on transporter rentals. Mrs Daniels had been renting a transporter every other week for 220USD per day plus 1,1USD per mile. Most of the trips are 80 or 100 miles in total.
Mrs Daniels usually gives the driver a 35USD tip. With the new transporter Mrs Daniels will only have to pay for diesel fuel and maintenance, at about 0,40USD per mile. Insurance costs for Mrs Daniels  transporter amount to 1200USD per year. The transporter will probably be worth 10000USD (in inflation-adjusted terms) after eight years, when Martas horse will be ready to retire.
Is the transporter a positive-NPV investment? Assume a nominal discount rate of 9% and a 2,5% forecasted inflation rate. Martas transporter is a personal investment, not a business or financial outlay, so taxes can be ignored.

2. Answer the below question and make a constructive comment on your peers comments. Cite the sources consulted and include the references at the end.

– If your incomes increases by 20 percent, how much would your quantity demanded of one specific good or service would change per month on average? Estimate your income elasticity for this good or service and explain your answer.

Peers’ comments (Marta):

1. If your incomes increases by 20 percent, how much would your quantity demanded of one specific good or service would change per month on average? Estimate your income elasticity for this good or service and explain your answer.

If we assume that we have a total monthly income of 2000, after the increase it will turn to 2400 (20 % increase).

Price elasticity of demand is a measure of the extent to which the quantity demanded of a good changes when the price of the good changes.

To determine the price elasticity of demand, we compare the percentage change in the quantity demanded with the percentage change in price.

From this 2000, I had a spent on this good of 1800that now it is 2100.

Percent change in price =(( New Price – Initial Price )/Initial Price)*100

Percent change in price = ((2000/1800)/1800)*100

Percent change in price= 0.06%

Now, lets check the income elasticity demand:

Income elasticity of demand is a measure of the extent to which the demand for a good changes when income changes, other things remaining the same.

Income elasticity of demand = Percentage change in quantity demanded / Percentage change in income.

Income elasticity demand = (2100-1800/1800) / ((2400-2000)/2000)

Income elasticity demand = 0.833^ –> This means that it is a basic or normal good/service.

– Based on the Coronavirus outbreak within the United States and the increasing amount of federal debt, what are some possible outcomes for people within the United States once the crisis is over?

– What happens to society as each day goes by that people are unemployed based on the Coronavirus outbreak within the United States? How does this affect the household, businesses and the country?

Examine a real-world case of significant government intervention as it relates to Low-income Rent Controls and Housing Vouchers within the United States.  “The Economist” or other credible sources can be used for researching articles relating to this type of government intervention.

Develop a PowerPoint presentation.  Include short bullets in the body of the slides and more details in the speaker notes.  Also include an introduction slide. 

Answer the following:

– Describe the intervention and detail its history.
– Analyze the arguments for government intervention as opposed to arguments for market-based solutions.
– Examine who may be helped and who may be hurt by the selected government intervention.
– Examine externalities and/or unintended consequences of such intervention.
– Determine the cost trend of the intervention program since its implementation including whether costs are increasing, decreasing, or vary with the state of the economy.
– Evaluate the success or failure of the intervention in achieving its objectives and develop conclusions.
– Recommend whether the program should be continued as is, discontinued, or modified and defend your recommendation.

critically read 3 academic (e.g., peer-reviewed journal article, book chapter) and 2 non-academic (e.g., professional publication) texts that inform your research question
write an annotation (250-350 words) for each source
include in each annotation:
citation information in APA style
an annotation of the source (e.g., highlight key findings, methodology, contribution, implications)
the source’s importance to your argument e (e.g., value of the sources contribution, quality of the research, limitations of the research/article)
at least one statement that connects the source to another source (or several) in your annotated bibliography (e.g., How would you use this source in a 10-page research paper?)
prepare your submission:
write an introduction (include context, research topic, and research question)
write 5 annotations
follow APA guidelines (e.g., title page; use of Times New Roman size 12 font, double spaced text, 1 margins; references list is optional)

As you all know, on March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus (COVID-19) to be a global pandemic. As of March 23rd, nearly 378,000 cases have been detected globally and more than 16,000 are dead. Besides taking a toll on human life, the spread of a virus can have a profound and serious impact on global, national or regional economies. For instance, global markets continue to tumble since the outbreak. Businesses are being closed, and sporting events and other private gatherings are being cancelled to prevent the spread of the disease. The evidence from the SARS coronavirus outbreak nearly 20 years ago shows that Chinas economic growth slowed from 11% in the first quarter of 2003 to 9% in the following three months.

As a student of a health economics class, explain how this pandemic will have an impact on the Canadian economy, especially the health care sector, in the short term and long term? Clearly highlight in your arguments its impact on the cost to the health care system, allocation of health care resources, health insurance companies, GDP growth rate and fiscal implications.

I encourage you to read the following articles that will help broaden your understanding. Another great resource will be the national news which can provide tangible statistics and information on the economic impact.

1. Coronavirus and Spanish flu: economic lessons to learn from the last truly global pandemic

Available at: http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-and-spanish-flu-economic-lessons-to-learn-from-the-last-truly-global-pandemic-133176

2. Throughout history, pandemic have had profound economic effects

https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2020/03/12/throughout-history-pandemics-have-had-profound-economic-effects

3. COVID-19 and the US economy: FAQ on the economic impact & policy response

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/03/23/covid-19-and-the-u-s-economy-faq-on-the-economic-impact-policy-response/

4. Pandemic Risks: How large are the expected losses. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791779/

*) What kind of blockchain does it use? (e.g., public/private vs. permissioned/permissionless)
*) Is it a cryptocurrency, digital currency, token or a platform (i.e., a solution on which one can
build applications)?
*) What kind of problem(s) does it solve?
*)Use the schema from Kravchenko et al. (2018) for classification: issuance process, transaction
confirmation, transaction audit, upgrade management, registration and restrictions, transaction
privacy, transaction confirmation time, transaction per second
*) What is the underlying business model (i.e., how do they want to make money?)
*) Make a critical evaluation! Do not only rely on information you find on the website but search
on the Internet for shortcomings/flaws. Did any negative events happen?
*) Provide a timeline in which you list the main events that happened since it was founded