The following discussion comes from your week 2 readings. Outside research to address these issues is encouraged. I would suggest using the online library for additional sources of information and research.  In addition, I would recommend utilizing the legal studies program guide.

The Fourth Amendment sets limitations to stop and frisk and arrests. It also affords individuals to be protected against unreasonable searches and seizures.

This forum asks you to examine probable cause and illegal searches and seizures.

Please thoroughly discuss each of the following:

1.    A police officer must have probable cause to arrest an individual. What is probable cause? How much probable cause is needed to secure an arrest or search warrant?

2.    What is the exclusionary rule? Discuss the exceptions to the exclusionary rule.

3.    Discuss the difference in a stop and frisk and an arrest. What are the requirements for an officer to conduct a stop and frisk?

Forum #2

Prior to attempting this week’s forum students are to read the week 2 lesson found in the lessons area of the classroom for this week. Students are to list the various databases and other sources utilized in their search for information on their topic. Students are to include their thesis statement in the first line of their post. Then, share with their classmates at least 2 helpful hints that they feel will aid them in their search for information. Also, students are to be sure to post any difficulties they have found in searching for information.
Instructions:

Each student’s answer to the question should be at least 250 words. A minimum of two references need to be used in the development of your answer. Also, be mindful of including references and citations whenever citing facts to support your position. APA 6th edition citations and references must be used always!

Thesis Statement: Community policing that aims at integrating the police and the public is the antidote to police bias in arrests and will lead to reductions in cases of police brutality.

The supervisor-leader debate has resulted in many different arguments through the years. Please discuss your point of view on this topic. Can you be an effective police supervisor but not a good leader? Can you be a good leader but a poor supervisor? Can you do both effectively at the same time?

Your response must be at least 500 words in length.

For your first submission, you will need to choose a topic within one of the sixteen chapters in your textbook and write an in-depth research paper on that topic. In Unit I you will submit your research topic with a one-page synopsis detailing the goal of your paper
for approval by your instructor.

Note: This is often the most difficult part of the research process. Here are some tips to getting started with your research paper:

Use personal or professional experience to establish a research topic.

Include 2 references youll be citing in your paper.

Your topic should be at least 1 page, double spaced, Times New Roman 12 pt. font, with appropriate APA style writing.

The topic I chose is: TEAM LEADERSHIP

Read the scenario provided below. After reading the scenario, you will prepare a response through the views of three critical lenses. The first critical lens will be from the perspective of a law enforcement personnel. The second critical lens will be from the view of a member of a neighborhood association. The third critical lens will be from the view of a close relative to the suspect. From each critical lens, you are to answer the following questions and provide justification for your answers:

Can any aspect of the scenario be classified as hearsay?

Do any hearsay exemptions or exceptions apply?

Did the suspect provide a confession?

Was the confession given freely and voluntarily?

Was the Miranda rule correctly applied?

Are there any exceptions to the Miranda warning requirement that applies?

Would the confession be admissible at trial?

You will also need to provide a summarization paragraph in which you will discuss which lens was the most difficult to answer the questions from and why. In this paragraph, you will also identify any aspect of the scenario to which information shared in the textbook could not be applied.

Each section of your case study must be clearly labeled using the following section headings:

Lens 1: Law Enforcement
Lens 2: Neighborhood Association
Lens 3: Suspect’s Relative
Summary

Each section should be a minimum of 100 words. Your entire case study should be at least three pages.

Be sure to cite, in APA format, any source used to influence your response. Therefore, your reference list should include a citation of the textbook, as you are required to apply the concepts discussed in the textbook to the scenario.

Scenario: The following information was relayed during an evening news broadcast. Law enforcement officers arrived to the scene of an alleged robbery during a community festival. The festival was held in the historic district of the community and was hosted by the historic district’s neighborhood association. The festival incorporated numerous activities that fully engaged participants in arts and crafts, use of technology, sampling of various food items, and the handling of various wares. The festival provided a variety of activities, so it attracted attendees from throughout the world. Thus, the festival was usually full of nonstop activity from the time it began in the morning until it ended in the evening.

When the policemen arrived on scene, the festival appeared to have stopped. People were standing around in small clusters and watching a group of suspects that had been forced to sit down in the middle of a stage that was previously used for performing music groups. The festival security informed law enforcement that security had apprehended the suspects after several vendors reported that the suspects had taken their wares from the display tables without purchasing them. The vendors reported that when they confronted the suspects, the individuals fled the scene with the wares. The festival security also informed the policemen that when they apprehended the suspects, they had none of the reportedly missing wares in their possession.

While the festival security personnel were briefing law enforcement on the situation, several of the suspects’ relatives entered the scene and asked why the suspects were detained. A police officer overheard one suspect who told a relative that the detention was a result of taking wares from the vendors without payment. The policeman also overheard the suspect telling the relative to pay the vendors for the missing wares in hopes that no charges would be filed.

Based on the information that the law enforcement officer overheard, the suspects were taken into custody. During the transport to the local jail, several of the suspects engaged in casual conversation with the police officers and provided some details as to their whereabouts before, during, and after their apprehension. The law enforcement officers then booked the suspects, took them into an interrogation room, and read them the Miranda rights. All of the suspects requested legal counsel and refused to answer any of the investigators’ questions.

Research Report Part 1: Presentation Outline and Topic

Criminal Evidence and the strategies and techniques utilized by criminals to commit crimes are constantly changing. Therefore, the strategies and procedures used to collect and present criminal evidence must also continue to evolve. Your task is to develop a presentation report that explores the latest strategies, advancements, and innovations in the area of criminal evidence. You will explore this topic from the perspective of a criminal justice agent who works in the field of criminal justice.

The presentation report consists of two parts:

Part 1 Includes your topic identification and development of your project outline

Part 2 Consists of PowerPoint presentation of your report and will be accomplished in

Unit V

Part 1A: Topic

You will need to identify a topic related to one of the four general types of criminal evidence:

witness testimony,

real or physical evidence,

documents or writings, or

demonstrative evidence.

You will need to provide a brief summary discussing what aspects of the topic you will explore and why that topic is relevant to strategies, advancements, and innovations in criminal evidence. In addition, you will need to ensure that scholarly and empirical information about strategies, advancements, and innovations in criminal evidence can be obtained. It is possible to talk about a topic in which advancements and innovations are needed. However, you will also need to be prepared to search extensively for information about current strategies and to develop suggestions for advancement and innovation with little to no assistance from scholarly and empirical sources. Part 1A will need to be a minimum of one double-spaced typed page.

Part 1B: Outline

Using the topic you identified in Part 1A, you are required to develop a topic outline with at least two tiers. Tier 1 of the outline will need to include the following components:

Selected topic name

Definition of key terms

History

Current strategies

Current and/or pending advancements and/or innovations

Recommended advancements and/or innovations

Justification for recommendations

Plausibility and logistics of the implementation of recommendations

Anticipated impact of the implementation of recommendations in regards to the collection and utilization of criminal evidence in the criminal justice system

At a minimum, discussions must address constitutional amendments, exclusions of admissible and inadmissible evidence, and variations in the collection of criminal evidence due to crime location.

References

Tier 2 of the outline will need to contain information that addresses the title of Tier 1 in relation to your specific topic. You can present the information in the form of sentences or short phrases. Regardless of the format you use for providing your information in Tier 2, make sure that each item in the outline does not need further explanation.

At least 10 sources must be cited in APA format under the references heading of your outline. All sources must be scholarly, and a minimum of five citations must reference peer-reviewed sources (e.g., academic journals). Part 1B needs to be a minimum of two double-spaced typed pages. Both the topic and outline (Parts 1A and 1B) should be submitted as one document.