• Textbook Readings
• Presentation: Ideas that Shape Public Policy: Taxation
• Presentation: Ideas that Shape Public Policy: Balanced Budget
• Presentation: The Free Market in Context
• Article: Finding Legislation for your Policy Briefs
• Website: Moral Criticisms of the Market  

Textbook Readings

Kraft & Furlong: ch. 7

• Article: Finding Legislation for your Policy BriefsAttached Files:
  • (388.949 KB)
• Click on provided link to locate the resource referenced above.

First, I would like for you to look at the sample briefs provided in the course material as this will be extremely helpful. This shows you what the final product should look like, and what material goes into it. You MUST submit your brief in this format!!!

Next, you want to select a piece of legislation related to the topic area we are discussing.

Next, you will analyze your piece of legislations (i.e. policy).   

Defining the problem: What problem existed that caused the need for this piece of legislation? Policies are usually created in response to something. Once you find your policy, this information should be included. What is the name of the policy? What is it supposed to do or fix? Who presented it? 

Then you will Apply the MAY – CAN & SHOULD Analysis. 

May –  

Biblical guidelines: Is there anything in the bible related to this policy? What biblical guidelines did Jesus provide regarding the topic? If you find something, quote the text, cite it, and explain why you think it is related. 

Constitutional Guidelines: What does the constitution say about this policy? Is it covered? If so, state it here. Be clear. Include the Article number and tell me what it is. 

Can- 

Political Feasibility: Where does it stand politically? Has it passed? Is it being decided? Do you think it would pass? Why or why not? 

Financial Feasibility: How much does it cost? Does the cost make sense? It is worth it? Why or Why not? 

Practical Feasibility – Considering why it was set up, do you think it is a practical way to solve the problem? If so why or why not? 

Should – 

Given the information your presented above, should this policy pass? How do you feel about it? If you support it, state why or why not. Support your position. You want to be detailed when presenting your case. Pretend you are at the round table and you want to support (or reject) this policy. You want to convince your fellow politicians to support you. Make it good. This section does not have to be long. It should be clear, concise, and effective. Does it pass the MAY Can Should Analysis?

MOST IMPORTANTLY! Read the course material and use it to help you analyze your policy.  Using the course material is a requirement.

Presentation: The Free Market in Context

Presentation: Ideas that Shape Public Policy: Taxation

Presentation: Ideas that Shape Public Policy: Balanced Budget

Module/Week 3 — Economic and Budgetary Policy 

Module/Week 3 — Economic and Budgetary Policy

Find a journal article that tests for the correlation between two criminal justice variables.  In your post: identify the null hypothesis and the research hypothesis.  Identify which variables were tested for correlation, whether they were correlated, the strength and the direction of the correlation (report the r along with what it means). Explain why you chose this article and attach a PDF of the article.

Reply must be at least 200-300 words. For each thread, you must support your assertions with at least 2 citations from sources such as your textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, and the Bible. 

Field, A. P. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

**Justin**

This author is choosing to use a mixed-methods research design in order to fulfill the requirements of the Ph.D. at Liberty University due to the complex nature entailed within the dissertation. Quantitative research design uses statistical and numerical data to discover, present, and analyze theories or perspectives that studies seek to explore (Field, 2018). Quantitative research is a critical component of mixed-method studies and uses statistical data in order to explore and document findings. According to Watson (2015), Quantitative research encompasses a range of methods concerned with the systematic investigation of social phenomena, using statistical or numerical data (p. 1). In order to test hypotheses, one needs to determine independent and dependent variables regarding the study. According to Field (2018), Most hypotheses can be expressed in terms of two variables: a proposed cause and a proposed outcome (p. 8). After the variables are determined then measurement can begin. 

Dissertation Quantitative Design

 The styles of leadership that will be measured are transformational, transactional, and authoritative. Ultimately, the research will determine if and how different leadership styles have a strong or weak correlation between how officers conduct their duties, organizational commitment, and how the relationship within the community if affected, based on the style of leadership and the duties performed by officers. All officers and organizations will be assigned coding to keep the information anonymous due to the political nature of the profession and the effect that some interviews could have on officers, supervisors, and employment. Also, individuals will be selected from a wide variety of administrative law enforcement personnel, front-line employees, and citizens. This selection of individuals will allow unbiased measurement of the different styles of leadership and the effects it has on the organizational culture, employees, and the community.

Quantitative measurements will be concluded from questions posed upon the above groups in the form of personally administered quantitative interview techniques. Pre-determined questions will be developed by this author and interviews will be conducted and measurements will be conducted using the Likert-scale methodology. To this author, this will be the most effective and efficient method to collect, measure, and analyze the data that is brought to light. Likert-type scales of measurement are one of the most commonly used forms of measurement to capture perceptions and attitudes of human subjects. According to Ho (2017), Examining perceptions and attitudes with Likert-type scales allows for ease of statistical analyses and comparisons across groups (p. 678). The research being conducted by this author is examining a diverse collection or perceptions across a variety of groups; therefore, the Likert-type scale will allow ease and clarity when reviewing the analysis. 

Variables

 Variables are critical to quantitative research. According to Watson (2015), A variable is anything that may be measured in quantitative research, for example, height, weight, attitude, or wellbeing (p. 1). However, control variables can also play important roles in quantitative research. These variables are controlled by the design of the research. The research will present seven control variables that include sex (male=1; female = 0), age (metric), length of service (metric), rank (1 = low-rank below sergeant; 0 = high-rank, sergeant or above), education level (1 = high school; 0 = college, university, and graduate), length of time living within the community (1 = longer than 10 years; 0 = less than 10 years), encounters with law enforcement personnel (1= more than 5 times a year; 0 = less than 5 times a year).  

Measurement

The quantitative portion of this authors dissertation will be measured using four five-point Likert scales and questionnaires. According to Stratton (2018), Likert data are designed for assessment of the attitudes of a population (p. 118).  Also, in order to stop bias from occurring the participants will be randomly selected from predetermined populations. The scale items will measure perceptions using the original Likert-scale and the five ordinal categories (most agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and most disagree). The varying responses will range from 4 to 10 points. Collecting these pre-determined questionnaires that utilize the Likert-scale the research will be able to measure the police, police leadership, and the communitys outlook on transformational, transactional, and authoritative leadership and how it affects the organization and community policing efforts. The Likert-scale will be measured using ordinal data in terms of means, standard deviations, and reflect parametric statistical information. 

Biblical Perspective

Religion and academic studies seek to uncover the truth. Truth should be sought after in every aspect of life. Not only can more comprehensive and inclusive research be used to find the truth and the pursuit or knowledge be applied in academia but can also serve individuals in their personal lives. John 7:18 states, Whoever speaks on their own does so to gain personal glory, but he who seeks the glory of the one who sent him is a man of truth; there is nothing false about him (New International Version). Therefore, researchers and Christians alike should reflect clarity and truth in professional and social lives.

Conclusion

This author is using a mixed-methods style of research. This research uses quantitative and qualitative research properties in order to explore and explain theories. Mixed methods research is critical to scientific and academic studies. This form or research allows more intimate and detailed research, through qualitative measures, that is backed by statistical quantitative methods. This author outlined the research design and how the predetermined questions will be asked of the study subjects and measured using the Likert-scale method in order to address the diverse and complex theory of how leadership affects different groups and stakeholders. 

References

Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics: North American Edition. London, UK: Sage.

Ho, G. (2017). Examining perceptions and attitudes: A review of Likert-type scales versus Q-methodology. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 39(5), 674-689.

Stratton, S. (2018). Likert data. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 33(2), 117-118.

Watson, R. (2015). Quantitative research. Nursing Standard, 29(31), 1-7.

PowerPoint File is due by 11:59 PM on Febr 29, 2020 via Bbl

Presentation during Live Collaborate #4 on Tuesday, March 3, 2020

As stated in the Syllabus, students will present their Research Proposals during our final Collaborate Session. As the Research Proposals may not be complete, students should use this opportunity to garner any last-minute feedback before submitting the final version of their assignments.

Students should construct their presentations to include the following:

1 Slide on your Problem Statement (10 points)

2 Slides on your Literature Review (20 points)

2 Slides on your Research Proposal (20 points)

1 Slide on your Limitations (10 points)

1 Slide on your Conclusion (10 points)

Spelling/Grammar (15 points)

Design/Presentation (15 points)

Students shall submit their presentations via Bbl, which will then be uploaded by the Instructor into the final Collaborate Session. Students presentations should last between 3 to 4 minutes each.

The final requirement of a valid contract is that it must be made for a legal purpose. Consider the following situation:

You and Tommy made a $100 bet on the outcome of the Super Bowl. After your team won, Tommy refused to pay you the $100.

Based on the information that you have learned in your reading, write a 150-word paper that answers the following questions about the situation described above:

1. Could you legally sue Tommy?
2. Why or why not? Be sure to support your conclusion with facts, definitions, and/or examples.
3. If you have not already done so, clearly explain what constitutes legal and illegal gambling. ***Please use APA formatting.  Also please use quotes from the text/resources.  Please see example of APA formatting below:
   APA Textbook In-text Citations  
      

Reading

• Course Text: Goldman, A., & Sigismond, W. (2014). Business Law: Principles and Practices (9th ed.). South-Western: Cengage Learning.
  • Chapter 10, “Legality”In this chapter, you will examine the last requirement of a valid contract: Legality. You will explore the nature of illegal agreements and the exceptions to the rule that courts will not enforce illegal agreements. Finally, you will be introduced to the agreements that are generally recognized as being illegal in most states.
    Focus on the definitions and concepts provided throughout the chapter. Review and think about the examples and short cases in the chapterthat demonstrate the major ideas being conveyed.
  • Chapter 11, “Memorialize Contracts in WritingStatute of Frauds”

Don’t all contracts need to be put in writing? The answer, actually, is “No.” In fact, the law requires that only a few specific types of contracts must be written in order to be enforceable in court. In this chapter, you will explore the categories of contracts required to be in writing, the validity of oral contracts, and the advantages of creating a written contact. Finally, you will be introduced to the parol evidence rule.
Focus on the definitions and concepts provided throughout the chapter. Review and think about the examples and short cases in the chapter that demonstrate the major ideas being conveyed, and consider the prevalence of oral contracts and the advantages of written contracts.

Discussion

website and locate the page titled .” Find the data for your city or town. If you live in an area where several cities exist in a small area, use the “Metropolitan Statistical Area” data.

• Compare the 2015 crime data from your home area to the overall rates for the United States. For instance, how does the murder rate in your area compare to the overall US rate of 4.9 murders per 100,000 residents? How does your home area compare with the rest of the country in terms of overall violent crime and property crime?
• Choose any two specific crimes that seem to be more common or less common in your area than the rest of the country. Define those crimes and explain why you believe the results are the way they are. For instance, if your area has a high incidence of auto theft, why do you think that is the case?

Part 2

Earlier this week, you examined a list of questions that illustrated the types of studies that criminologists conduct. Choose one of the questions listed or create your own. Then include the following in your post:

• State the question you have chosen or created.
• Describe how you think a criminologist would go about finding the answer to the question.
• State what you expect a criminologist would find and explain why you expect this answer.

Submission Details:

• Read and comment upon the posts of at least two classmates and respond to follow-up posts posted by other students in the Discussion Area by the due date assigned.

Rubrics

• SUO Discussion Rubric (80 Poi

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, read Chapters 2 and Chapter 3 in Correctional Leadership Competencies for the 21st Century(2014), and the (Holley, 2015), (Queally, 2015), and (Krehbiel-Burton & Perez-Pena, 2015) online news articles. View the news video and read the accompanying article (2015), and view the (2010) video. In addition to these required resources, research at least two additional scholarly and/or peer-reviewed sources in the Ashford University Library that apply to the topic. (Access the MSCJ Professional Sources guide for assistance with finding appropriate resources. The of these resource types.) The following scenario will be used as the basis for this assignment. Carefully review it before beginning your work.

A Death in Tulsa County

For this assignment, evaluate the concepts of self-awareness, ethics, and values in terms of the following criteria:

• Determine whether or not these concepts were practiced in the Tulsa County, Oklahoma Sheriffs Office.
• Select two leadership practices using Exhibit 2-4: Leadership Practices Inventory on page 33 in Chapter 2 required for this week.
  • Evaluate to what degree these two practices were being utilized in the Tulsa County Sheriffs Office.
• Evaluate the ethical issues related to the responses from both the reserve deputy and the sheriff regarding this incident.
  • Based on this evaluation, describe one pillar of character each you believe the sheriff and the deputy exhibited well and one pillar of character you believe each was lacking using Exhibit 3-2: Six Pillars of Character is included on page 55 in Chapter 3 required for this week.
• Analyze how the sheriff and the deputy should consider the concepts of self-awareness, ethics, and values as they pertain to ethical leadership in law enforcement.

Examine how employment law may have affected ethics and leadership in the sheriffs actions.

The Self-Awareness, Ethics, and Values Paper:

• Must be four to five double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the .
• Must include a separate title page with the following:
  • Title of paper
  • Students name
  • Course name and number
  • Instructors name
  • Date submitted
• Must use at least two scholarly and/or peer-reviewed sources from the Ashford University Library in addition to the course text.
  • The table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment.
• Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
• Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Unit 7 Assignment:  For this assignment, due during Unit 7, you will be required to submit a white collar criminal case you wish to utilize as your final project. You must however, provide a case report, court documentation, an article or some other type of proof to confirm that your case study is actually based on a real case, which will provide a road map for your analysis

2-3 pages APA