Please be sure your Final Project adheres to the criteria stated in the Final Project Guidelines located in this weeks Learning Resources.

In your 15- to 18-page Final Project, you should include the following:

Executive Summary: Describe the public policy problem of interest to you, the scope of the problem, and a capsule summary of your recommended course of action. (12 paragraphs)
Introduction and Problem Definition: Explain why the problem is important. Why should the decision-maker care about this issue? (12 pages)
Issue Analysis: Explain in detail, supported by scholarly resources, the scope of the public policy problem. You should describe the stakeholders (e.g., branches of government, interest groups, nonprofit organizations, media, the bureaucracy, etc.) connected to the problem. (34 pages)
Proposed Solutions: You are not expected to detail every possible approach to the issue you selected. However, based on your research, select 3 or 4 potential solutions that directly address the public policy problem you selected. It is important that you explain which stakeholders would be proponents and which would be opponents of each policy alternative you identify, and why, and the implications of their being for or against the alternative(s). You should make clear to the decision-maker the complexities involved with each proposed solution you analyze. (78 pages)
Policy Recommendation: Choose one of the alternatives to the public policy problem you selected and explain, based on scholarly materials you have examined, why it t is best suited to address the problem. Be sure to address opportunities and challenges of implementing your recommendation given any relevant political, social, economic, or cultural considerations. Additionally, explain what, if any, social justice and/or ethical issues are impacted by your recommended policy alternative. (34 pages)
You are expected to support your arguments and perspectives with citations in APA format. Approximately 510 scholarly resources, at a minimum, should be referenced within the Final Project.

   
Using the IRAC model compose a complete course brief. Specific attention will be given to the Analysis and Conclusion sections of your Case Brief.

In addition, please identify which of your cases focused one of the following:
Intent 6 kinds of Intent Specific, Malicious, General, Reckless, Negligent, and Strict Liability
Right of Arrest
Penalties
Jurisdiction
Statute of Limitations

Here is the case ;
Case 1: https://www.oyez.org/cases/1975/74-538

Case 2: http://masscases.com/cases/app/2/2massappct547.html

You work for a cannabis advocacy group that wants marijuana to be removed as a Schedule 1 drug. Read the text of the CSA. Draft a legal memo to the head of your group, addressing the following:

1.    Is this possible? If so, describe who has the authority to remove marijuana and what that process would be. If not, why not?

2.    Does the federal CSA pre-empt Colorados law? Explain.

3.    Can these two laws co-exist or does the CSA leave no room for legalization?

Utilize sources below AND find 2 additional sources.
https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/21usc/811.htm
https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/nebraska-and-oklahoma-v-colorado/
https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/15pdf/144orig_6479.pdf

Format on how to write legal memo
https://www.upcounsel.com/how-to-write-a-legal-memorandum-for-dummies

According to Kohlbergs Moral Stage Theory, there are six stages of moral development. Do you agree with Kohlbergs model? If so, in what stage would you place yourself and why? If you disagree with Kohlbergs model, identify the different stages of moral development that you determine to be more relevant. Why should these stages replace Kohlbergs? Where would you place yourself according to the stages you developed?

SYLLABUS FORMAL INSTRUCTIONS
Students will select a topic to investigate that pertains to criminal gang activity in a country of their choice that is NOT Canada. While students have discretion on what direction they take with the paper, they must advance an argument that in some way or another addresses not only criminal gang activity in that foreign country but also the anti-gang policies of that country. Terms papers should range between 15 and 20 pages double spaced Times New Roman Font. Papers must strictly adhere to APA style guidelines (not just internal citations and bibliography). More information will be available through the course website.  The late penalty for this assignment is a 1% deduction for each day late (including weekends) off of ones final course grade.
ASSIGNMENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
The first learning outcome of this assignment is for students to acquire a better understanding of HOW criminal gang activity works in other countries.
A second learning outcome for this assignment is for students to develop a research project. The parameters for this paper are very broad. Beyond picking a criminal gang activity in another country and exploring it alongside the ANTI-GANG POLICIES of that country, students are open to how they decide they would like to design their research project and paper. That means that students have the opportunity to develop their own RESEARCH QUESTION that they will ultimately answer in the paper.
A third learning outcome for this assignment is for students to hone writing skills essential for all professional careers and post-secondary educational pursuits.
A fourth learning outcome for this assignment is for students to explore, in depth, a topic and/or location that is meaningful and important to them. To this end, students are encouraged to select a topic (i.e. criminal gang activity) that they believe is particularly relevant to their long-term professional career goals, or their personal lives and experiences. They are, furthermore, encouraged to select a country that they have a personal connection to, or that they are particularly interested in or passionate about.
ASSIGNMENT EXPECTATIONS
1. Select a criminal gang activity that is taking place in a foreign country and provide an in-depth and detailed description of it.
In the final paper, students must define, describe, and explain the activity in as much depth and detail as possible.
2. Pose a research question about your criminal gang activity.
Students must pose a RESEARCH QUESTION about the criminal gang activity that in some way or other relates it to ANTI-GANG POLICIES within that country.
Students want to ask a question that will allow them to broaden their KNOWLEDGE and UNDERSTANDING of the criminal gang activity and how it relates to the countrys ANTI-GANG POLICIES. Therefore, students want to ensure that the question they are asking is broad enough so that it allows them to carry out extensive research on their topic.
3. Carry out your research in order to answer your research question.
Students will be expected to draw on a WIDE variety of academic and grey literature resources to learn as much as they can about their criminal gang activity, the country in which it takes place, and the countrys ANTI-GANG POLICIES. The ultimate goal of carrying out this research is in order to answer the research question. 
ACADEMIC sources include PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL ARTICLES and BOOKS that are published by REPUTABLE ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS (i.e. University of Toronto Press, Ashgate, etc.). In terms of books, a good rule of thumb is that if it can be found in UOITs library, and if it is written by academics (not self-help or pop psychology-type books), then it is likely an acceptable scholarly book.
GREY LITERATURE sources can include government documents (parliamentary debates, policy briefs, policy documents), police reports, official websites, and articles from reputable newspapers. However, students are advised to view these sources with a critical eye. They should be used to augment or supplement more rigorous academic sources rather than to replace it. Above all, please avoid sites like Wikipedia, yahoo, and web blogs. These are perfectly fine for starting out (I encourage you to use them initially- and you will find that I draw on them for lectures from time to time) but they are NOT acceptable for the final paper. Please see me if you need clarification with any specific sources.
4. Develop a social scientific argument (THESIS).
After completing their research and learning as much as they can about criminal gang activity in their foreign country, and the ANTI-GANG POLICIES there, students should have broadened their KNOWLEDGE and UNDERSTANDING to the point that they can now advance an analytical ARGUMENT. Their argument must similarly address both their criminal gang activity of choice and the ANTI-GANG POLICIES in their chosen country. In the same way that students have wide discretion over what type of research question they ask, they also have wide range of discretion over what type of argument they advance. However, their argument must in some way draw on SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC THEORY. Consequently, students are welcome to draw on course materials (course readings) and/or outside ACADEMIC sources that particularly speak to theories about criminal gangs (which we will be covering extensively in the course). Alternatively, students can draw on broader social scientific theories and APPLY them their criminal gang activity themselves. 
What is a social scientific argument?
It is a REASONED (or logical) CLAIM that is supported by evidence AND is GROUNDED in a SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE. And in the case of this assignment, this social scientific perspective has to encompass THEORY. Your social scientific perspective can ALSO be informed by social scientific paradigms, social scientific models, social scientific themes, and of course social scientific research more generally (that may or may not be theoretical so to speak). To be clear, these paradigms, theories, models, themes and research need NOT be authored by criminologists or justice scholars or only covered in criminology or justice studies courses and texts. Thinking of criminology and justice studies as a distinct category can be quite misleading. Most of what we talk about in criminology and justice studies is interdisciplinary and used in many other fields (i.e. Marxist theory is used in sociology, criminology, political science, economics, philosophy, history, anthropology, etc.). However, the argument must be grounded in a SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE that focusses attention on SOCIETY, SOCIAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL FACTORS, etc. (i.e. politics, media, culture, history, economics, etc.).  For example, if students find themselves paying MORE attention to biology, physical geography, or purely written law and paying LESS attention to the wider society, they probably need to adjust their focus.
BASIC EXPECTATIONS
Term papers must draw on an appropriate number of sources. Students should be aiming for a minimum of FIFTEEN sources, with no maximum limit.
Term papers must present clear, structured and well written ARGUMENT (THESIS) that draws on social scientific theory as well as social science more generally.
Terms papers should range between 15-20 pages double spaced Times New Roman Font. Strong and well developed papers tend to, but not always, fall between 18 and 20 pages. Papers that exceed 20 pages by more than a page are at risk of having marks deducted for exceeding the page limit, and it is STRONGLY recommended that they do not fall below 15 pages (this is generally a sign that the paper is significantly underdeveloped).
Term papers must strictly adhere to APA style guidelines (not just internal citations and bibliography).

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            TERM PAPER EVALUATION SCHEME
The following is an overview of the key criteria that will be used to evaluate students term papers. While all components will feature prominently in the evaluation, please be advised that the topic, argumentation, and evidence will be given significant consideration (in particular the argument!).
1. Topic
Students have chosen a suitable topic that meets the requirements of the term paper outlined above. They make sure that they have chosen a specific criminal gang activity from a country other than Canada. They clearly, and in detail, describe the criminal gang activity. Students ensure that the argument and evidence in the paper address not only the criminal gang activity they have chosen but also ANTI-GANG POLICIES that country. 
2. Argument
Students present a clear thesis statement that articulates their argument. They then use their paper to build an argument in which social scientific theories is used. The argument is clearly introduced and presented, and it is strongly supported by evidence. As per the above instructions, students ensure their analytical argument addresses not only the foreign criminal gang activity but also the ANTI-GANG POLICIES in that country.

3. Evidence
Students draw on an adequate number of sources to develop their argument. As stated above, they should be aiming for approximately FIFTEEN sources minimum. Dependent on the topic and analysis, for some papers, FIFTEEN will be sufficient, whereas for others more will be required. Thus, students are being graded here not on how MANY sources they have, but rather, how successfully they have supported their argument with evidence. Therefore, it is both the quantity and quality of sources (not just the quality of articles and books, but far more importantly, the quality of the students use of the research to support their arguments).
4. Structure and Organisation
The paper has a clear introduction and conclusion. A thesis statement is found in the introduction of the paper. The overall argument for the term paper has are clear and logical flow, and is easy for the reader to follow along. Students are strongly encouraged to consult writing guides on how to formally structure a term paper, and they are welcome to contact me for feedback and advice.
5. Writing 
Writing is clear and elegant, sentences are nicely constructed, paragraphs are an appropriate length and are nicely constructed, writing is polished, and spelling and grammar are error free. Spelling and grammar will be taken into serious consideration when grading papers.
6. Citations
Bibliography and internal citations are accurately laid out according to APA style. The paper conforms to term paper instructions in terms of font, size, layout, etc.
7. Format
All aspects of the term paper conform to proper APA formatting style and formal assignment instructions, i.e. title page, margins, heading, font, size, spacing, etc.

ired work; and an inability to communicate.

At a minimum, this critique should address the following questions or issues. If, in your opinion, your article does not address one or more of them, then you should say so and defend or justify why you believe that to be the case. In all cases, defend or justify your answers with specific references to words, phrases, or passages in the article and corresponding references to the assigned readings for the course. In other words, while your critique should be written in your own words (third person only), you do need to make references to specific words, phrases, and relevant passages in the text of your article, as well as

corresponding references to the assigned readings for the course. Each of the following items in BOLD must be listed as a heading on your critique. Do not use bullet points. Discuss in your critique the questions/issues under each bolded item. If a question/issue does not apply, please explain why.
    Summary (1-2 pages)
o    Summarize the contents of your article.
o    Who wanted the policy or program evaluated? In other words, why did the author(s) conduct the evaluation?
    Evaluation Goal(s) (1 page)
o    What were the goals or desired outcomes of the policy or program under examination?
o    How did the author(s) propose to evaluate the policy or program in terms of its goals or outcomes?
    Theoretical Perspective (2-3 paragraphs)
o    What theory connects the policy or program to the goals or outcomes?
o    What rival or plausible explanations or theories were ruled out?
o    How did the theory guide the author(s) in their conduct of the evaluation?
    Research Methods (2-3 paragraphs)
o    What principal research method(s) did the author(s) use in the conduct of the evaluation?
o    Did any unintended or unanticipated consequences arise? If so, what were they?
o    How and why did they arise?
    Conclusion (1 page)
o    What did the author(s) conclude? On what basis?
o    Did the policy or program achieve its intended goals or outcomes in whole, in part, or not at all? If so, why or why not?
o    To what uses were the results of the evaluation to be put?
o    Based on the results of the evaluation, what principal recommendations did the author(s) make?
    Evaluation Concepts (1-2 pages)
o    After you have written your summary, identify which of the following apply to the article. Be sure to define the concept and explain how each of your selections applies to your article.

Read chapters 3 – 6 from Joseph S. Wholey, Harry P. Hatry, and Kathryn E. Newcomer, editors, Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation, Latest Edition as well as Module 2 lecture materials (and journal articles).

Enhance learning through the use of personal management tools and study strategies.

GEL 1.1: Demonstrate college-level communication through the composition of original materials in Standard American English.

GEL 7.1: Identify the ethical issues within the field of Business.

Assignment Scenario

Candie Cardigan has been asked to model CARDWAREs newest sweater line that is made of thin and yet warm material, called Naturally There, as it can withstand temperatures of 30 below 0. Because this will provide CARDWARE with good publicity of its newest clothing line, she agrees to walk the runway in Fashion City. The modeling event is being held at the Easton Hotel. Celebrities and those involved in the fashion industry will be in attendance. Several models precede Candie and her debut of Naturally There. Clad in a tasteful skirt, 4-inch high heels and a green Naturally There sweater, Candie proceeds to the end of the runway. A small wrinkle in the carpet causes Candies left shoe to get caught and she falls over the end of the runway onto the row of judges. Unfortunately, Myra, a judge and world renowned model, suffers a broken nose and cut to her face from one of Candies shoes.

Myra wants to bring a lawsuit based on negligence against CARDWARE and Candie.

Assignment Instructions

You are the paralegal working for CARDWAREs corporate counsel and have been asked to draft a 23-page double-spaced memorandum to the CEO, Casandra (Cassie) Cardigan and discuss the following:

The elements one must establish to bring a cause of action based on negligence.
Potential defenses that CARDWARE and Candie may use against Myras claim.
Checklist Before Submitting Your Assignment

Read the question and what is being asked of you twice.
Review the chart on negligence and the defenses.
Structure your Assignment in memorandum form.
Example:

Date:

To: Candie Cardigan, CEO

CARDWARE Inc.

From: [Your Name]

Re: Negligence Requirements and Potential Defenses to Myras Claim

Organize your memorandum with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Note: Your memorandum length of 23 pages is separate from the cover sheet and reference page.
Keep all font color consistent throughout. If a blue hyperlink appears, remove it by hovering over it and right click. A vertical dropdown menu will appear. Click on Remove Hyperlink.
Avoid the use of first person.
Provide in-text citations. If a reference is listed in your reference page, make sure it is displayed within your submission where you retrieved information from.
Provide hanging indents where needed.
Double space throughout your submission, including throughout your reference page. Note: This includes between your references.
Your reference page should be separate from the body of your submission.
Use Times New Roman size 12 font.
Provide an APA formatted cover sheet.
Directions for Submitting Your Assignment:

Please label your projects: username-project-unit.doc. For example, a student named Tina Allen would name her file TAllen-CriminalLawEssay-Unit2.doc. Submit your Assignment by selecting the appropriate Dropbox by the end of the unit.

Read the case file from Brandl, Criminal Investigations, He Hit Her Until She Fell . . . and That Was Just the Beginning starting on page 363 of your textbook. Then consider if you were the criminal investigator assigned to investigate this case, what interview questions would you have asked the witnesses and why?
Then, respond to the posts of at least two (2) other peers with substantive feedback.