If selective incapacitation and gross incapacitation do not reduce serious crimes, what actions can be taken to decrease such crimes?  Are there other social institutions that can impact the crime rate?  How so?

Book: Sense and Nonsense about crime, drugs, and communities

Suppose that you are employed as a reporter by the local newspaper in your town. You learn that Ron Smith, one of the individuals running for sheriff in the county, has been accused of sexual assault. The victim came to you, seeking help. You want to vet her story and run an article. The election is next week. Your boss asks you to hold off publishing the article until after the election results are tallied. In the workplace, you will be confronted with ethical dilemmas. None as disturbing as this one perhaps, but dilemmas nonetheless.

Which of the three ethical principles covered so far would be the most appropriate approach to ethical dilemmas encountered in the twenty-first century? Remember that Aristotles focus was virtue, Kants was duty, and John Stuart Mills was utility. Defend your answer.

Include in your discussion reasons why the other two principles would not work as well today.

Support your writing assignment with two (2) outside scholarly articles.

Compare and contrast San Antonio and Austin law enforcement code of ethics.

Seven pages, double spaced, use APA as the style manual. Use the Purdue OWl:  https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Compare and contrast at least six major points for the policies.

Summarize with your recommendations (at least three) for improving both  policies, for a total of six recommendations.

Argue your points and support them from the literature. That means peer reviewed journal articles, scholarly journals, professional web sites or other academic references.

Be sure to cite in the narrative and reference your sources in the reference page.

You may use the text as additional sources but at least six should be new.

The paper should be submitted in MS-Word in APA writing style that means running head, title page, abstract page with key words, double space narrative with in-text citation and a reference page in APA  writing style.

Your team will be submitting a fully articulated Code of Conduct (you are encouraged to locate examples of Codes of Conduct, in addition to other research necessary to complete this task.)  Your team will also be required to write a one-page rationale, at the beginning of the paper, explaining what components you decided to include, as well as what you decided to leave out and why.  Consider including Ethical Principles and Core Values, Decision Making and the Code of Conduct, Reporting/ Speaking Up, No Retaliation, Equal opportunity, Harassment, Bullying, Conflicts of Interest, Confidentiality and Privacy, Information Technology, and Internet Use, Use of Social Media, etc.Your team will also be required to write a one-page rationale, at the beginning of the paper, explaining what components you decided to include, as well as what you decided to leave out and why. It will be important for someone in your group to capture these decisions/negotiations as the group works together.
Papers will be assessed on the following criteria:

Rational
Rationale gives the reader a comprehensive overview of the choices made by the group.
Rationale provides evidence of the group process, illustrating how decisions were negotiated.
References cited in this part add strength to the overall choices made by the group.
Code of Conduct
Code of Conduct is comprehensive in nature and all parts are well articulated.
There is evidence in creativity in thought pertaining to how the Code is constructed.
There is a clear relationship between the Code of Conduct and the organization.
References cited strengthen the overall material presented.
Organization & Clarity
Ideas are presented logically and support the overall purpose of the paper.
Paper flows smoothly and ideas are clearly linked to one another.
Documentation and Grammar
Research sources are used to support ideas and add value to the overall presentation.
Paper is professionally written, free of spelling and grammatical errors.
References are properly cited using APA format.

Using the 7 guidelines listed please provide an example for each of the 7 guidelines.
1. Planning is used in the solution or avoidance of problems.
2. Plans should be logically based on the in fact operating realities rather than on an ideal of what ought to be.
3. Plans should be flexible to accommodate variances within the system.
4. Workers should be familiar with those parts of the plan that concern them.
5. Planning facilitates the achievement of production goals.
6. Work should not only be planned but planned in detail, taking into consideration likely slippages and devising methods of coping with problems and wrong.
7. Planning is an approximation based on the facts we have at hand; it can be wrong.

Must use articles provided; Can add more if needed
Apply concepts related to governance in a specific, researched public administration case
study. Whatever source is used for the actual case study must focus on a real-world public
administration situation that is being discussed and analyzed in the chosen article. 
The article can be qualitative or quantitative in nature, but it must specifically focus on the
public administration context.
Remember to synthesize your research and findings with the required readings and
presentations for this week and a Biblical/covenantal model of statesmanship, leadership and
organizational behavior.
MUST HAVE:
Meaningful and relevant case study is chosen for detailed analysis, study and application.
Concepts from the previous essay, required reading, etc. are applied in a meaningful and
thorough way.
Major points are stated clearly and effectively. Clear, logical flow to post; stayed on topic.
Ideas from all the required reading and presentations from the Module/Week and 2 scholarly
sources are integrated. Relates topic to Scripture/biblical principles.
Moves the conversation forward with new ideas, research, and analysis.
Contains abundant citations from required reading, presentations, and 2 scholarly sources.
Advanced
Minimal to no errors in grammar, spelling, or APA.
Appropriate word count:
825 words for thread

Paper Instructions

TOPIC: How the New Jim Crow still remain relevant in 2020 Governance, Statesmanship & Ethics

Answers to questions must be supported with research and citations. It is not unusual, for instance, to have 34 citations per paragraph in doctoral-level research.
Remember also that writing a research paper, especially at the doctoral-level, requires you to weave in ideas from numerous sources and then in turn synthesizing those ideas to create fresh insights and knowledge.
MUST USE ARTICLES PROVIDED.
Construct a paradigm of public administration statesmanship.
Evaluate challenges facing public administration organizations today.
Synthesize a Biblical/covenantal model of statesmanship, leadership and organizational behavior with the above.

Specifics:
13 pages of content, double-spaced
Must include citations from all readings and presentations for the assigned module (including the Fischer presentations and readings) and at least 20 scholarly sources
Must include Biblical integration (the Fischer sources will help to that end)
Current APA format

Essay

Discuss the following:
Relate the concept of governance to an organizational leadership and behavior context.
Evaluate the role that governance plays in the effective practice of public administration.
Synthesize a Biblical/covenantal model of statesmanship, leadership and organizational behavior with the above.
Lack of Compassion.
Racial indifference
Black Lives Matter Movement.

MUST HAVE :

Content
Thoroughly answers each assigned question. Provides a well-reasoned synthesis of key ideas.
Research and Support
Goes beyond required reading to provide an in-depth, researched discussion of the assigned questions. Supports assertions with research and numerous citations from all required reading, presentations, and scholarly source material.
Biblical Integration
Provides a nuanced discussion of Biblical concepts as related to the content and assigned questions.
Sources & Citations
All required readings and presentations from the current and prior modules must be cited. At least 20 scholarly sources are used.
Grammar & APA
Limited to no errors in grammar, spelling, APA, etc.
The MEAL plan is a way to organize your paragraphs as you write; it helps writers create strong, thorough paragraphs. The letters, “M-E-A-L,” form an acronym that stands for the following:
MMain idea: This is usually expressed in a strong topic sentence.
See tips on using a strong topic sentence.
EEvidence: Once your readers are clear what the main topic of your paragraph is, you can use source material as evidence to discuss your topic and promote your academic argument. The word “evidence” is another way to say source citations.
See tips on how to best use evidence.
AAnalysis: After giving the evidence, youll want to explain, incorporate, and integrate that evidence by providing some analysis. Analysis is where you can compare, contrast, and provide explanations for the source material, why it is important, and how it relates to your main idea.
LLead out: The lead-out sentence or sentences are where you will sum up what the paragraph discussed and then preview what is coming in the next paragraph so that the reader can smoothly move from one idea to the next.
See some other tips on transitional words and phrases.

Paper Instructions

TOPIC: Uncovering rasism roots ties to Governance

Answers to questions must be supported with research and citations. It is not unusual, for instance, to have 34 citations per paragraph in doctoral-level research.
Remember also that writing a research paper, especially at the doctoral-level, requires you to weave in ideas from numerous sources and then in turn synthesizing those ideas to create fresh insights and knowledge.
MUST USE ARTICLES PROVIDED.

Specifics:
13 pages of content, double-spaced
Must include citations from all readings and presentations for the assigned module (including the Fischer presentations and readings) and at least 20 scholarly sources
Must include Biblical integration (the Fischer sources will help to that end)
Current APA format

Essay

Discuss the following:
Relate the concept of governance to an organizational leadership and behavior context.
Evaluate the role that governance plays in the effective practice of public administration.
Synthesize a Biblical/covenantal model of statesmanship, leadership and organizational behavior with the above.
How black grassroots politics led to black citizenship.
Black Lives Matter Movement.

MUST HAVE :

Content
Thoroughly answers each assigned question. Provides a well-reasoned synthesis of key ideas.
Research and Support
Goes beyond required reading to provide an in-depth, researched discussion of the assigned questions. Supports assertions with research and numerous citations from all required reading, presentations, and scholarly source material.
Biblical Integration
Provides a nuanced discussion of Biblical concepts as related to the content and assigned questions.
Sources & Citations
All required readings and presentations from the current and prior modules must be cited. At least 20 scholarly sources are used.
Grammar & APA
Limited to no errors in grammar, spelling, APA, etc.
The MEAL plan is a way to organize your paragraphs as you write; it helps writers create strong, thorough paragraphs. The letters, “M-E-A-L,” form an acronym that stands for the following:
MMain idea: This is usually expressed in a strong topic sentence.
See tips on using a strong topic sentence.
EEvidence: Once your readers are clear what the main topic of your paragraph is, you can use source material as evidence to discuss your topic and promote your academic argument. The word “evidence” is another way to say source citations.
See tips on how to best use evidence.
AAnalysis: After giving the evidence, youll want to explain, incorporate, and integrate that evidence by providing some analysis. Analysis is where you can compare, contrast, and provide explanations for the source material, why it is important, and how it relates to your main idea.
LLead out: The lead-out sentence or sentences are where you will sum up what the paragraph discussed and then preview what is coming in the next paragraph so that the reader can smoothly move from one idea to the next.
See some other tips on transitional words and phrases.

Please use type no smaller than 12 point, and use spacing between the lines no less than 1.25. You may double-space if you like, but please no single spacing. You may use any side or top margins that are readable/printable. Please number your pages. An electronic copy in the Mid-Term Drop Box on the Course Website (Canvas) is preferred, but you may also turn in a hard copy if you like. Please staple your pages together if you are turning in a hard copy.The answer should be between 4 & 5 pages, which means it must be economical, but it must also be complete very much like a briefing paper presented to an employer. The Exam is due either by noon on Thursday, October 15.  Here is the question:                                                                       
              Question:
  Summarize the origins and the development of the debate between natural law and positive law theory or philosophy, including references to the internal contradictions in the arguments of the representatives of both schools of thought. What is the difference between Natural Law and Positive Law? What are the primary elements and characteristics of each?