create a PowerPoint presentation suitable to use for a lecture in an introductory statistics class. You should include the following in your presentation:

    A description of why a knowledge of statistics is important in careers in psychology as well as in everyday life.
    A description of the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics.
    A description of the inferential tests discussed during this class. You should discuss the types of data that are appropriate for each test (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio). You should create a specific research example that would yield data appropriate for each of the tests that you mention. You should describe each of the variables involved in your research question and how that variable will be measured.
    A discussion of any ethical concerns that need to be considered for each of the research examples.
    At least one graph demonstrating how the results of the statistical test should be presented.

Incorporate appropriate animations, transitions, and graphics as well as speaker notes for each slide. The speaker notes may be comprised of brief paragraphs or bulleted lists.

Support your presentation with at least three scholarly resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources may be included.

Length: 12 – 15 slides

Notes Length: 150-200 words for each slide

Be sure to include citations for quotations and paraphrases with references in APA format and style where appropriate.

Respond to the following:

Consider this example of a recurrence relation. A police officer needs to patrol a gated community. He would like to enter the gate, cruise all the streets exactly once, and then leave by the same gate. What information would you need to determine an Euler circuit and a Hamilton circuit?
Create a diagram for each type of circuit and explain the differences.

Instructions

For this assessment, put together all of the pieces you have been working on throughout the course to form your research project. The Research Report Template will help you include the following in your project.

Insert the following from previous assessments into the template.

Introduction
Insert your literature review after your title. If you have not done so previously, revise your literature review based on any instructor feedback.
Methods
Participants
Describe the number of participants in the study, meaning, and the number of participants who responded to both variables selected.
Be sure to revise based on any instructor feedback you received.
Measures
Insert the measurement you chose from your research proposal.
Be sure to revise based on any instructor feedback you received.
Be sure to turn the future tense from the proposal to past tense for this assessment.
Procedure
Insert your explanation of your procedure from your research proposal.
Be sure to revise based on any instructor feedback you received.
Be sure to turn the future tense from the proposal to past tense for this assessment.
Results
Insert your statistical analysis from your data analysis assessment.
Be sure to revise based on any instructor feedback you received.
For this assessment, you will write the Discussion section and Summary and Conclusion section of the template. In the Discussion section, answer the following questions:

What do your results mean?
How do your results compare to what you expected?
How do your results compare to other research studies?
How can your results be generalized?
What were the limitations of the study?
Think about research validity and reliability.
How do your results support or not support a psychological theory or concept?

Description:

The Office of Financial Aid at the University of Michigan currently quotes the cost of textbooks for undergraduate students per semester to be $524 (Links to an external site.).  Administrators are interested in verifying if their estimate is accurate or if this figure needs to be updated before the start of the next school year.  They know that in order to obtain a more realistic estimate they need to rely on student data, so they have turned to various organizations on campus for help. 

The data: three different samples.

Two organizations on campus took different random samples of undergraduate students at UM and for each student recording the cost of textbooks during the Winter 21 semester.  Furthermore, financial aid administrators are aware that Stats 250 gathered data on the cost of textbooks for all students currently enrolled in the course.  Heres a brief summary of the three different random samples:

Table 1: Numerical summaries for 3 different samples of UM undergraduate students.

Organization

Mean

Standard Deviation

Sample Size

Sample A

$346

$39

25

Sample B

$286

$47

200

Stats 250 (you have been provided with this data to explore using RStudio (Links to an external site.))

X

Y

Z

The results from the three samples show very different estimates for the average cost of textbooks for one semester for undergraduate students at UM.  The Office of Financial Aid administrators are having a hard time making sense of the information provided and have hired you as a consultant. 

Your Task:

Write a 400 – 600 word memorandum (according to Purdue Owl Guidelines (Links to an external site.)) to the Office of Financial Aid administrators explaining how the process of sampling and the nature of sampling distributions has led to different estimates for the average cost of textbooks for one semester and provide a recommendation for the office of financial aid administrators given the results of the three samples.

Your memorandum must include responses to the following parts and all associated questions:

A brief introduction to the exploration and the third sample:
What population is the Office of Financial Aid administrators interested in?
Is the Stats 250 data representative for this population? Justify your answer
Explore the Stats 250 data using RStudio (include a histogram, a complete description of the distribution of cost of textbooks and numerical summaries to complete Table 1).
What factors involving the winter 21 semester could be affecting the response of interest (cost of textbook)?
All about Statistics:
You notice that these three estimates of mean textbook costs are different from each other.  Is that concerning to you?  Why or why not? 
Then, recall the idea of the sampling distribution, explored in Lab 5. Discuss how all of the features of the sampling distribution are affected by the sample size. Features could stay the same, change, or depend on the situation.
Why is a larger sample more accurate compared to a smaller sample?
Given these three estimates, which one is more reliable? Why? 
Recommendations for the Office of Financial Aid administrators:
The Office of Financial Aid has historical data that indicates the standard deviation of textbook costs is steady from semester to semester at $287.

If the true textbook cost is $524, what is the z-score and corresponding probability that youd get a sample with a mean like the one we observed in Sample A or less?  Provide an interpretation for your z-score.  (You could replicate this process for Sample B and for the Stats 250 data, although we arent asking for this here).
Using this probability, does the reported value of $524 seem reasonable?
Should the administrators adjust the value posted on the website?  Justify your recommendation using the statistical support provided in your memo.

For this task, you will read three news articles intended for a general audience reporting the results from correlational studies. You can find the links to these articles under your weekly resources. For each of the articles, you will answer the following questions and provide justifications for your answers:

    Provide a brief summary of the topic of the article.
    Determine which variables are the focus of the research.
    Describe how the results of the correlational analyses are presented.
    Does the author of the article present the results as causal? In other words, does the author make statements that one variable causes the other?
    Can you think of any additional variables that were not included in this study that may be important to consider?  Please describe the variables.
    Based on what you know about correlational research, does it make sense to make lifestyle changes based on the research presented in this article? Please explain your answer.
    Use one of the news articles to locate, and then read the primary source article in the NCU library. Did the news article accurately represent the research conducted? Please explain your answer.                           

Length:3-5 pages

Your paper should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards.