Describe how dinosaurs evolved various physical structures in order to process plants as a source of food.
INSTRUCTIONS

Assignment Value = 10 marks. Answer lengths specified are for 12 point fonts, single spacing and 1″ page margins.

Use the information in Modules 9 and 12, the textbook, and your own research to answer the following questions:

1) One of the more specialized of all herbivorous dinosaurs was the African sauropod Nigersaurus. It features one of the most highly specialized of all dental structures found in a dinosaur.
a) Describe the characteristics of the unusual skull of Nigersaurus. (1/2 page – an illustration is strongly suggested) 2 Marks
b) How would this unique arrangement of teeth help it feed? (1/4 page) 1 Mark
c) Why would the bones of its skull need to be so thin? (1/4 page) 1 Mark

2) One of the last of the Ornithopods to evolve was Edmontosaurus. It was a very large animal and as such it needed to process a great deal of food every day.
a) Describe the dental battery of Edmontosaurus. Approximately how many teeth were found in its mouth? (1/2 page – an illustration is strongly suggested) 2 Marks
b) Based on the design of its dental battery, what types of plants would Edmontosaurus be processing? Do we have fossil evidence to support this? (1/4 page) 1 Mark

textbook is princeton university guide to dinosaurs

hello I need just paraphrasing of the attached, please have a look at it

no research needed nor referencing, just paraphrasing word by word please, look at attachment first before bidding to make sure you are ok with the topic and the word count

Topic : Energy

Please look at the power point first to see what are the things have been discuses in the class.

Material and topic to discuses about in this is :
– https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/goal-07/
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRNhcwCNCJw
– In a First, Renewable Energy Is Set to Pass Coal in the U.S.
– https://www.texasmonthly.com/energy/renewable-energy-boom-texas-work/
– Nuclear Power Can Save the World Links to an external site.
– https://www.texastribune.org/2015/10/06/denton-announces-renewable-energy-plan/

These papers are not intended to be summarizations of the readings, but rather to reflect your
engagement with the texts and other materials discussed in class.

These papers need not address all texts read for class, but may serve as an opportunity to thoughtfully consider ideas, films, writings, etc. that had a particular resonance for you. Papers should be 5-6 pages in length, double-spaced, with one-inch margins and 12-point font. These papers will be evaluated on demonstrated critical thinking, as well as writing style and grammar.

this assignment should include:
1. courses readings that I provided
2.A minimum of 5 other references, in addition to those used from your course
readings. Such sources should be drawn from reliable professional or academic sources engaged in the public debate. We caution you to be extra vigilant in determining the validity and authority of the authors and sources before inclusion in your own analysis. Examples of such sources include (but are not limited to): o Academic books and journal articles
o Government and industry websites;
o think tanks and environmental non government organizations, and o mainstream media

Further instruction is attached

*must cite course readings*

course readings :

Fauci, A.S. December 2005.  Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.  The perpetual challenge.  Academic Medicine. 80(12): 1079-1085.

https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/environmentalscience/chapter/chapter-18-toxic-elements/

Toxics 1

Freedman, Bill.  2015.  Chapter 18. Toxic Elements. In Environmental Science. A Canadian Perspective. Dalhousie Libraries.  Digital Editions.
https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/environmentalscience/chapter/chapter-18-toxic-elements/

Toxics 2

Environmental Defence Canada.  2017.  Full Disclosure: The case for stronger household product labelling.
https://d36rd3gki5z3d3.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Environmental-Defence-EN-Labelling-Full-Report-Web.pdf?x98389

Environmental Defence.  2005.  Toxic Nation: A Report on Pollution in Canadians.  P. 1-10
https://environmentaldefence.ca/report/report-toxic-nation-a-report-on-pollution-in-canadians/

David Suzuki Foundation.  2010.  Whats inside that counts.  P.5-11

https://davidsuzuki.org/science-learning-centre-article/whats-inside-counts-survey-toxic-ingredients-cosmetics/ (Links to an external site.)

Requirements
1. Examines, in detail, one or more sustainable solutions to an environmental issue.
2. Written as a scientific article, including an abstract, introduction, materials and methods,
results, discussion, conclusion, and literature cited. You are welcome to use tables and
figures, but be sure to reference them in the article, caption them, and place them after
the literature cited section. Use articles from the journal Ecology as a guide. *Note: you
do not need to format your writing into justified columns.
3. Cites at least 15 articles from peer-reviewed literature that have been published within
the last 10 years. The citations must support the point being made. If you make a claim,
you should cite it with at least one source! For some sections, nearly every sentence will
end up having a citation. I will check citations.
4. DO NOT EVER quote from a scientific article, even if you attribute it. You must write
everything in your own words. Anything else is plagiarism.
5. Citations must be formatted correctly, both for in-text citations and the literature cited
section. Use the journal Ecology as a guide.
6. Article should be at least four pages long, not including the literature cited section or
tables and figures.
7. Text and punctuation must be typed in single-spaced, 11-point Arial font. Titles and
section headings may be typed in bold, but should still be 11-point Arial.

The outline format:  Your outline must be formatted as described.  Please note that this format will be assessed in your grade:

Use an alphanumeric sequence
Sections should be indented and aligned
Follow the suggested order of the required elements
Use brief and bulleted but detailed and descriptive phrases.
The required elements: Your outline should contain the following elements in this order:

I.            The Introduction: This section previews your topic and the details you will cover in the body of your presentation. It should be very brief, but include:

    A.  The food, cuisine, invention or idea that you are going to discuss.

    B.  Why you chose this topic.

    C.  A preview of the regions where your topic has developed and then diffused to.

II.          The Body (Content Sections): In the body, you must address how the four geographic concepts mentioned in the presentation instructions (regions, cultural landscapes, diffusion, and distance decay) relate to your topic.

    A.  Regions: Discuss the origin region or regions of your topic, with specific attention to the geographic qualities of the region that influenced the development of your topic.

    B.  Cultural Landscape: Discuss how the landscape in the region(s) described above have been shaped by the culture that gave rise to your topic, and how your topic might be reflected in that landscape.

    C.  Diffusion: Discuss how your topic has diffused from its origin. Where has it diffused to? What factors led to its diffusion there? What kind of diffusion has it experienced?

    D.  Distance Decay: Discuss how your topic has changed as it has diffused away from the region(s) of its origin. Explain these changes with reference to the geographic qualities of the regions it has diffused to.

III.      The Conclusion Section: this section should contain four to six points that sum up the main points from the body of the outline.

Start your conclusion with one sentence summarizing some basic information about your topic.
Continue with a brief summary (1-2 sentences) about the important characteristics of its origin region(s).
Include a brief note about relevant cultural landscapes.
Include a brief summary (1-2 sentences) about the diffusion of your topic and the distance decay it experienced.
Wrap up the conclusion section with a closing note that provides brief information about why this topic was of interest to you, and a fact about your topic you found interesting.
IV.      Reference section: This is not just the reference page; rather, referencing should occur throughout the outline as it will in your presentation.  Therefore, your outline should include both a separate reference page containing a minimum of five sources listed in proper APA reference list format AND internal citations throughout the outline where appropriate.  Please be sure to see the resources below for assistance regarding in-text citations and reference list formatting, and/or ask me if you have any additional questions.

Please make note of the following tips and tricks:

I understand that this is a rough draft and, as your research and writing continue over the next few weeks, details may be added or changed.  Although you do not have to resubmit it to me, I recommend that you update this outline to help you best complete the Final Presentation.
Write your outline so that it has detailed bullets that you can easily then flesh out into sentences for the narration of your Final Presentation.
After your outline is complete, I recommend that you next draft your introductory and conclusion sections for your presentation.  This will ensure that all the main points of the outline are incorporated in these two framing sections of your final presentation.
Please note that less than 10% of your outline or presentation should be direct quotes.
All internal citation references should be listed on the reference page, and vice versa.

Formulate an organized, clearly worded, and succinct initial post that substantively covers all discussion points stated for your chosen topic. Because your initial post will be scored on the degree to which you meet these standards, there is no set minimum word requirement. However, there is a set maximum word requirement confine your initial post to 500 words. Remember that we are all reading each others posts, and one that is succinctly written is more likely to be read and responded to, thus furthering our discussion on that topic.
Include at least one graphic, video, or image that visually adds to some aspect of your post – as they say, pictures are worth 1000 words!