Before doing this lab, use resources from this site or the NASA site to view the features of the Sun, including its interior, photosphere, sunspots, solar cycle, chromosphere and corona (http://www.windows2universe.org/the_universe/the_universe.html).

Unit 7: Sunspots Lab

Materials needed for the lab: Graph paper, pencil and straight edge for doing this lab activity in class or You may do this lab entirely on an Excel spread sheet.

Sunspots are areas of gas on the sun that are cooler than the gases around them.  Some scientists believe that short-term changes in climate on Earth may be related to the sunspot cycles.

Problem: How will you predict the number of sunspots for a future year using existing patterns in sunspots numbers?

Procedure:

  Use the data in the table below to make a graph of sunspot activity between 1967 and 1997.

  On the graph, label the x-axis Year. Use a scale with 2-year intervals from 1967 to 1997.

  Label the y-axis Average Number of Sunspots. Use a scale of 0 through 160 in intervals of 10.

  Graph a point for the average number of sunspots for each year.

  Complete your graph by drawing lines to connect the points.

Sunspots: Table

Year

Average # of Sunspots

1967

93.8
———————–
1969

105.0
———————–
1971

66.6
————————–
1973

38.0
———————–
1975

15.5
————————
1977

27.5
————————-
1979

155.4
——————————
1981

140.4
———————————
1983

66.6
—————————–
1985

17.9
——————————
1987

29.4
—————————-
1989

157.6
—————————-
1991

145.7
———————–
1993

54.6
————————-
1995

17.5
————————–
1997

23.4

  Analyze and Conclude:

  Based on your graph, which years had the highest average number of sunspots? The lowest average number?

  How often does the cycle of maximum and minimum activity repeat?

  When was the most recent maximum sunspot activity? The most recent minimum sunspot activity?

  Using your graph, predict the number of sunspots in the year of your graduation.

Summarize: Describe how the changes in the sunspot cycle can cause climate changes on Earth.

Choose THREE of the following topics to answer in 2-3 pages (double spaced). Your completed midterm exam will be a minimum of six pages total (seven with your works cited) and can be as long as ten pages. Be as complete and detailed as possible. Be sure to cite the sources of all the information (including the Weisman and Niemel texts) you use in your articles with both in-text citations (author, year) and complete citations at the end of each essay (use APA style). Use your own words! Quote only sparingly. Also, the question How? does not just mean describe a change, but if possible also explain the mechanisms involved. Use a readable 12 point font and double space.

Taking into account all of the differences between natural and urban habitats, how are animals able to live within urban areas? Which kinds of animals can and cannot live in urban habitats? Do they share any special traits? Does living in an urban area change their population structure?
2. If New York City was completely abandoned by people, what would happen to all the houses, cathedrals, skyscrapers, sculpture, bridges, subways, roads and other material left behind? Would everything completely disappear? How long would it take? Would the returning vegetation resemble the pre-European settlement forest? If not, why not?

3. Discuss the characteristics of urban soils. Explain how previous use affects soils in the long term using the experimental agricultural fields Rothamsted Broadbalk and Geesecroft as examples,

4. Explain how urban structures change hydrology and water quality. Go into detail on the different aspects of hydrology, including soil characteristics that affect hydrology.

5. What are some of the different types of land uses in urban areas? Compare each in terms of biodiversity, surface types, relative evapotranspiration, plant cover, albedo, and radiation flux.

6. How are wetlands in and at the edge of urban areas affected by the urban presence? (in terms of biodiversity, community and population structure, hydrology, and soil and water quality characteristics)

7. Explain how the presence of buildings, roads, and sealed surfaces affects the climate of city (compared to surrounding rural and natural areas). Include all aspects of climate temperature, wind, and precipitation and their spatial and seasonal patterns, chemical and biological.

Write a 1 page (approximately 500 word) essay on, due the following week October 22, 2020 by the beginning of class 11:45 am. Write the essay as a MS Word.docx then copy and paste into this Quiz. Essay format; students name, title/subject, analysis, Times New Roman, black, font size 12, in English. The essay will be in your words, evidence of copying the works of others that is not referenced will result in no points being awarded for the assignment. Data and statements of fact not considered common knowledge must be referenced. References are not counted in the overall 500 word count. Sources of information used in the essay presented using APA format. Essay Subject: Extracting Oil from the Alaskan/Arctic National Wildlife Refuge will have a minimal impact on local plants and animals. Do you agree or disagree? Why?

Write a 1 page (approximately 500 word) essay on, due the following week October 22, 2020 by the beginning of class 11:45 am. Write the essay as a MS Word.docx then copy and paste into this Quiz. Essay format; students name, title/subject, analysis, Times New Roman, black, font size 12, in English. The essay will be in your words, evidence of copying the works of others that is not referenced will result in no points being awarded for the assignment. Data and statements of fact not considered common knowledge must be referenced. References are not counted in the overall 500 word count. Sources of information used in the essay presented using APA format. Essay Subject: Extracting Oil from the Alaskan/Arctic National Wildlife Refuge will have a minimal impact on local plants and animals. Do you agree or disagree? Why?

Write a 1 page (approximately 500 word) essay on, due the following week October 22, 2020 by the beginning of class 11:45 am. Write the essay as a MS Word.docx then copy and paste into this Quiz. Essay format; students name, title/subject, analysis, Times New Roman, black, font size 12, in English. The essay will be in your words, evidence of copying the works of others that is not referenced will result in no points being awarded for the assignment. Data and statements of fact not considered common knowledge must be referenced. References are not counted in the overall 500 word count. Sources of information used in the essay presented using APA format. Essay Subject: Extracting Oil from the Alaskan/Arctic National Wildlife Refuge will have a minimal impact on local plants and animals. Do you agree or disagree? Why?

Write a 1 page (approximately 500 word) essay on, due the following week October 22, 2020 by the beginning of class 11:45 am.

Write the essay as a MS Word.docx then copy and paste into this Quiz.

Essay format; students name, title/subject, analysis, Times New Roman, black, font size 12, in English. The essay will be in your words, evidence of copying the works of others that is not referenced will result in no points being awarded for the assignment. Data and statements of fact not considered common knowledge must be referenced. References are not counted in the overall 500 word count. Sources of information used in the essay presented using APA format.

Essay Subject:

Extracting Oil from the Alaskan/Arctic National Wildlife Refuge will have a minimal impact on local plants and animals.

Do you agree or disagree? Why?

You are to write a page and a half about the pathogens/disease-causing organism. Tell a story they can remember and learn from over dinner or a simple conversation. Cover the following:

Introduction (What is the disease about)
Presentation of the disease (signs and symptoms)
How is it diagnosed?
Treatment, if available
Prognosis
Prevention
Cited references, minimum of at least 2.
Revise as per recommendations and submit
Aim for originality report of no greater than 20%. Any paper with a matching above 20% will receive a “0”.

This paper must include :

1) How determining the prevalence of Vibrio spp in blue crabs from the Maryland Coastal Bays can benefit by using predictive modeling

2) The benefits of using Metagenomics to investigate the microbial community in blue crabs from the Maryland Coastal Bays

3) The benefits of using Antibiotic Resistance  to determine the genetic susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus  in blue crabs from the Maryland Coastal Bays

4) The benefits of using Whole Genome Sequencing  to determine the genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus isolates in blue crabs from the Maryland Coastal Bays

ALL CONTENT MUST INCLUDE THE HUMAN AND ENVIROMAENTAL ASPECTS.

Listed below is data needed for the handout.

time (s)
reaction 1 (22 degrees C) = 91
reaction 2 (22 degrees C) = 52
reaction 3 (22 degrees C) = 98
reaction 1 (30 degrees C) = 51
reaction 1 (40 degrees C) = 23

also Extra credit: Show the Arrhenius plot and determine the activation energy (kJ/mol).