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June 23rd, 2020 
MLA, Natural science 
Comments Off on Effects of EU Dairy Policy on Cameroon’s Dairy Industry Reaction Paper https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYs47nAWuYY
Please write a 500-750 word reaction to the Dairy video linked above. It should approach the issues raised in the video such as changes in rural landscapes as agricultural practices change, market interactions between developed and developing world countries, (dis)similarities in milk production methods, and the politics of development expressed or, importantly, ignored by various people interviewed.
Your final discussion post will be a reflection. Which natural disaster/hazard have you found to be the most interesting and why? What are some major issues concerning natural hazards/disasters in the future? What can we do to protect ourselves against the wrath of nature? How important are natural hazards/disasters regarding the future of our species? You do not have to answer all of these questions and you can also touch on other aspects of natural hazards/disasters. Make sure you include material from the class in your response. In essence…why do we study natural disasters and does it really matter? Why or why not? Your post must be at least 250 words.
You can earn 3 extra credit points by responding to another student’s post (at least 50 words)
It is considered plagiarism to use any material that is not your own without citing where that material came from. This includes websites, blogs, online comments, even material form the textbook. It is OK to use outside material but you must cite when you do! The word count refers to material you wrote only, it does not include quotes from other authors or citations
Last discussion topic was about the past and this one is about the future. Write a report (similar to how you did the previous discussion topic) about a futuristic natural hazard. This can take place any time in the future and the actual event or landform can be real or imaginary
Please get creative with this but remember for full points your report MUST include plenty of information or material that we have covered in class or in the textbook and also include any references you used. It also must be at least 250 words
You can earn 3 extra credit points by responding to another student’s post (at least 50 words)
It is considered plagiarism to use any material that is not your own without citing where that material came from. This includes websites, blogs, online comments, even material form the textbook. It is OK to use outside material but you must cite when you do! The word count refers to material you wrote only, it does not include quotes from other authors or citations
For this discussion topic please choose a natural hazard/disaster that occurred prior to the year 1900. You should be able to find plenty of examples online and if not please contact me and I can help you find one. I want you to write this post as if you were witnessing the event and writing an account of what happened.
Please choose an event that actually happened but you can use your imagination for the details. However, please incorporate class material into your report. Remember to also think about what technologies were available at the time. For example, there would not be a seismograph in 1600 or a helicopter to save people in 1800. Remember to also include any references you used and your post must be at least 250 words.
You can earn 3 extra credit points by responding to another student’s post (at least 50 words)
It is considered plagiarism to use any material that is not your own without citing where that material came from. This includes websites, blogs, online comments, even material form the textbook. It is OK to use outside material but you must cite when you do! The word count refers to material you wrote only, it does not include quotes from other authors or citations
This discussion is similar to your first discussion but this time you must also include a video of a disaster (a link to youtube or another site is fine). You must also pick a different disaster than the one you chose for Discussion 1.
Write at least 250 words about a natural hazard or disaster that has happened recently. Do some research and try to find a natural hazard or disaster that has happened in the last few months. The natural hazard or disaster MUST have occurred in the last two years. Write a short summary of the event, details of disaster, effect on human or animal life, what this event means for the future, or anything else that seems appropriate or applicable to the class and the report. You must also include any references you used (website, magazine, URL). You must also include a link to a video that is related to your disaster.
Pick something that interests you…it could be a flood, a hurricane, an earthquake or anything else that is covered in the class. Have fun with this!
You can earn 3 extra credit points by responding to another student’s post (at least 50 words)
It is considered plagiarism to use any material that is not your own without citing where that material came from. This includes websites, blogs, online comments, even material form the textbook. It is OK to use outside material but you must cite when you do! The word count refers to material you wrote only, it does not include quotes from other authors or citations
Answer the attached questions. The question’s answers should be 4-5 sentences long and contain one source with an APA style citation. The citation should be listed right under the question’s answer.
You will find most of the answers in the included attachments (the sources are attached in the best order to correspond with the questions). In addition to the included sources you may use other sources to complete the questions as long as you include the APA citation.
References:
Read sections 1.1 and 1.2 from Unit 1, Introduction to Biology from Fowler, S., Roush R. & James, & Wise, J. (2013) Concepts of Biology. Houston, TX. Retrieved from
https://openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/1-introduction
Rodriguez-Sedano, A., Paris, A., & Mut, M. (2011). People and Technology Today: Some Educational Implications. US-China Education Review, 8(5), 627-636.
Ready pages 627-636 to appreciate the vast opportunities that exist in the fields of science and technology.
Please read Stinson, S., Bogin, B., & O’Rourke, D. (Eds.). (2012). Human biology : An evolutionary and biocultural perspective.
Please read Chapter 5, sections 5.1-5.6, “Newtons Laws of Motion” from Moebs, W., Ling, S. & Sanny, J. (2016). University Physics Volume I. Houston, TX. Retrieved
https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/5-5-newtons-third-law#49030
Please read chapter 1 An Introduction to the Human Body fsections 1.1-1.5 rom Aguilar-Roca, N. (2018). Essential Physiology. OpenStax CNX. retrived from
http://cnx.org/contents/287f7d13-5280-45bb-bbdc-1a192af582e7@1.96.
Read chapter 1 sections 1.1-1.3 for a background into the science of psychology and its evolution, along with its application and impacts on daily life. from Spielman, R., Dumper, K. Jenkins, W., et. al. (2019) Psychology. OpenStax retrived from
https://cnx.org/contents/Sr8Ev5Og@12.2:6HoLG-TA@12/Introduction
14.5 The Pursuit of Happiness from Spielman, R., Dumper, K. Jenkins, W., et. al. (2019) Psychology. OpenStax retrived from
https://cnx.org/contents/Sr8Ev5Og@12.2:6HoLG-TA@12/Introduction
Please read Chapter 30, sections 30.1-30.4 for an overview of the conditions that make Earth hospitable to life and the search for life beyond Earth from
Andrew Fraknoi, A., Morrison, D. & Wolf, S. (2016). Astronomy.
https://openstax.org/details/books/astronomy
Knaier, R. G. (2017). Homeopathy on Trial: Allen V. Hylands, Inc. And a Failure of Evidentiary Gatekeeping. Jurimetrics: The Journal of Law, Science & Technology, 57(3), 361396.
Federal and State Adaptation of Cultural Heritage in North Carolina
You are the climate adaptation expert on the North Carolina Climate Adaptation Task Force and have been approached by the Governor to write a memo describing climate vulnerability and solutions for adaptation of cultural and historical resources, particularly in states that have coastal resources. Coastally-located cultural resources, such as historic buildings and structures, archeological sites, cultural landscapes, ethnographic resources, and museum collections are the record of the human experience and can connect one generation to the next. The state is faced with persistent sea level rise, subsidence, erosion, flooding, and storm surge, damaging many cultural heritage sites under state and federal protection. While the Governor needs to understand how to adapt cultural resources to climate impacts, you recognize that there may be too many resources to protect. This means the state will need to prioritize some resources over others but how?
Both the state and the National Park Service (NPS) are charged with preserving cultural resources so that they can be enjoyed by present and future generations. The NPS recognizes climate change as the greatest threat to the integrity of our national parks that we have ever experienced.* In response, the NPS has taken an active role in addressing the risks from climate change. Indeed, in 2014 the NPS signed Climate Change and Stewardship of Cultural Resources,** a policy memorandum outlining the NPS position on responding to climate change and its potential effects on cultural resources, emphasizing the stewardship, and preservation program mandates. This memorandum includes the following major points:
– Cultural resources are primary sources of data regarding human interactions with environmental change; and changing climates affect the preservation and maintenance of cultural resources;
– As the cultural resources often cannot change or have capacity to respond with the environment around them, a focus for climate change adaptation shifts to the states and federal systems for management and planning;
– Prioritize climate adaptation according to vulnerability and historical significance of cultural resource, and;
– Cultural resources hold an essential role in climate change communication.
Considering the four points above, identify one example of a cultural resource that is vulnerable to climate change in the United States and describe the implications for preservation. Should the resource be preserved over others? How should the governor prioritize the resource over other resources? Express your critical opinion about the adaptive capacity of the cultural resource: Does the cultural resource as socio-economic system have the capacity to respond to climate change impacts? Does the resource depend exclusively on human management? Identify at least one alternative approach for prioritizing adaptation of cultural resources.
This memo should be between 800-1200 words, including footnotes and references.
7 Scholarly Sources in addition to the ones below.
*National Park Service, National Park Service Climate Change Response Strategy (2010)(Page 1) available: https://www.nature.nps.gov/climatechange/docs/NPS_CCRS.pdf.
** National Park Service. “NPS Policy Memorandum 14-02, Climate Change and Stewardship of Cultural Resources.” Available at: https://www.nps.gov/policy/PolMemos/PM-14-02.htm.
See also: National Park Service, Cultural Resources Climate Change Strategy (2017).
https://mylearning.nps.gov/library-resources/cultural-resources-climate-change-strategy/
Topic: Adaptation Issues in Particular Countries
The first essay for the final exam requires you to pick two countries, or regions within a country, and apply some of the concepts we have addressed in this class to analyze the adaptation prospects for a particular resource for that country through the 21st century. In other words, analyze all aspects of adaptation for that country, but rather focus on one resource or parameter, such as coastal/sea level rise.
Please use Canary Islands (Spain) Azores (Portugal)
For each of the countries you choose, you must define below. And Access Vulnerability Assessments for Both Locations.
– Analyze current and projected climate trends;
– Note the key findings of any relevant Vulnerability Assessments;
– Discuss adaptation measures either taken or planned;
– Assess the appropriate level of government involvement (i.e. national vs local)
– Provide your own recommendations for improving the adaptive capacity for that country and the resource you focus on.
You should be able to use some of the key concepts from other modules in your evaluation. For example, are current and planned measures anticipatory or reactive? Does the VA provide ample information for decision-makers? And so forth. This essay should be between 800-1200 words, including footnotes and references.
Need 8 Scholarly Sources
Discuss genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as an issue of public policy in which ethical issues are involved, in which scientific information is relevant and in which such scientific information is publicly claimed to be accurate but might be of disputed quality. Provide references to and evaluate the quality of information that you have personally encountered to date concerning the safety of GMOs. Explain your methodology of analyzing the information you have encountered. In doing so, detail how one can know whether the information is relevant. What is the proper method of analysis for safety? Is there reliable and responsible public discourse concerning proper methods of analysis and the relevant information to conduct such analysis. Please cite sources and explain.
Explain how you would sort through the issues of scientific uncertainty, ethical uncertainty and economic forecasting uncertainty about the use of GMOs. One irresponsible approach might be to advocate ignoring the scientific uncertainty and treating the scientific results as certain for purposes of policy. Another irresponsible extreme one might require that all uncertainties be resolved and that absolute safety be established before allowing the use of GMOs. The aim would be extreme cautiousness, but can you justify such an approach as ethical, given that there are certain to be negative impacts on the lives of people? Such caution might result in the near certainty of harm. What would be a responsible approach?
Comment on whether there can be general guidelines concerning how to treat possibly uncertain scientific results, that may be important in policy decisions. Consider how one might address the quality of the scientific results, the reliability of the reporting of those results by government agencies and public media, the reliability of government, politicians and the press in advocating for particular scientific claims, and the potential existence of deliberately misleading claims?
Golden rice is a genetically modified, Vitamin A enhanced rice. Please review the websites listed below and the documents in the “GOLDEN RICE” section of the Documents Section of this course that are also available below.
Summarize each of these documents explaining what each one claims and how each one established its claims to be valid.
Please search through the publicly available literature on Golden Rice on scholar.google.com and elsewhere. Identify at least two documents that provide significant information concerning public decision making policy concerns about Golden Rice that is not reported in the collection of documents provided to you here.
For all of the Document/GOLDEN RICE articles and the ones that you identify, evaluate the detailed argument presented concerning the safety and efficacy of Golden Rice.
Among these documents and websites are claims that further research is needed to establish the safety of GMOs. Discuss to what degree these claims are specific. Are they reasonable? Do these claims, when made, specify what information is lacking and designate a methodology for obtaining the claimed required information?
Discuss the specific claims in the documents concerning mortality and morbidity among children due to Vitamin A deficiencies. Is this information accurate? How do you discern the accuracy of these specific claims? Could Golden Rice prevent avoidable death and blindness, and, if so, how many?
In documents that contain claims of uncertainty, discuss the document’s quantitative explanation of what degree of uncertainty is claimed to exist and what specific research must be done to address the specific sources of uncertainty that is indicated. If you encounter a document that claims uncertainty in safety but does not provide a quantitative analysis of the claimed uncertainty, explain why a quantitative assessment is not presented.
Is Golden Rice safe for human consumption? Is it effective? Could lives be saved using it? Cite specific sources and data and explain in detail how you justify your position.
What has prevented the introduction of Golden Rice to populations where Vitamin A Deficiency is prevalent and a significant cause of child mortality?
Climate change has, at least prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, been presented by many influential sources as a longterm danger meriting decisive and immediate action. Golden Rice has not received such public attention and insistence. Compare the scientific uncertainties in the risks of climate change mediation and of Golden Rice cultivation.
http://goldenrice.org/
http://irri.org/golden-rice
Greenpeace is opposed to the introduction of golden rice:
https://www.greenpeace.org/archive-international/en/campaigns/agriculture/problem/Greenpeace-and-Golden-Rice/
Description:
Anthropologists study many different aspects of humanity in order to fully understand the diversity of the human species. One of these aspects concerns our development as a species, both physically and culturally. For the assignment, the student will first discuss and investigate evolution as viewed by physical anthropology, and then the student will investigate and discuss evolution from one other subfield cultural, linguistic, or archaeological.
Directions:
In a 4-6 page written assignment, answer the following questions.
1) Define evolution using the course materials.
2) Define physical anthropology. Discuss some of the general ways physical anthropologists investigate evolution.
3) Using the APUS Library, find at least one appropriate outside source that identifies one specific research project in which physical anthropologists are studying evolution (e.g. the Human Genome Project). Describe the research project and its significance in our understanding of evolution. Conduct original research, do not use the genome project because that example is given in class. Be sure to cite your source.
4) Choose and define a second subfield of anthropology (cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, or archaeology).
5) Discuss some of the general ways an anthropologist in this second subfield investigates evolution.
*Remember, evolution can apply to both physical and societal changes, so things like language and customs can evolve just as much as bodies and brains can.
6) Using the APUS Library, find at least one appropriate outside source that identifies one specific research project in which anthropologists in this second subfield are studying evolution. Describe the research project and its significance in our understanding of evolution. For example, an archaeologist may look at how tools have changed through time, and what has caused that change (conduct your own original research, do not use this example). Be sure to cite your source.
8) Discuss how the study of evolution between physical anthropology and your chosen subfield compares and contrasts.
9) Conclude by discussing and reflecting on one new piece of information you learned about evolution.
Coaching: Finding articles to use for this Assignment
Review this screencast or script to help you learn to locate appropriate college-level sources using the search tool in our Library.
Review this FAQ page from our Librarian: How do I find the full text of publications associated with active anthropological research projects that focus on evolution or culture?
