Chapter 4, Policy Making and Modelling in a Complex World

 Chapter 5, From Building a Model to Adaptive Robust Decision-Making Using Systems Modeling 

Questions

A. Why are they becoming an influential methodology to study social systems? 

B. Research the role of ABM  in the process of policymaking and implementation particularly in complex areas and provide an example to demonstrate the application of ABM. 

(1) 150 words citation references

Nola Pender’s health promotion model is used to promote health behaviors by observing the family dynamics and promoting interventions that affect the family unit. The model has three main concepts. The first is that people are basically a sum of their parts, their individual biological makeup and their past experiences. Second, they have developed beliefs and characteristics based upon their interpersonal environment. The final concept is the goal, which is health promotion. The nurse is a part of the interpersonal experience, as well as the family. The individual’s perception of self-efficacy can be based on emotions related to past success or failures, the presence or absence of positive role models, and the presence of health disparities that can compete with the behavior change (Nursing Theories, 2011).

Pender’s model can help in teaching behavioral change, because it considers the multitude of dynamic forces at work in an individual’s life.  According to the theorist, when a person’s interpersonal environment becomes supportive and positive, there is a greater chance of patient compliance. For incidence, if the person is a new onset diabetic and their family is not supportive with diet changes and do not modify the family meals, the patient is less likely to be compliant with their new diet. 

Disparities such as age, socioeconomic status, educational level, disability, race, culture, or religious beliefs can affect a patient’ ability to learn. These factors can compete with the patient’s ability to participate in health promoting behaviors or limit access to health promotion resources. For instance, a person with limited English speaking ability may not have health promotion resources available in their native language (Whitney, 2018). 

According to the transtheoretical model, change is based upon a person working through six stages. Change occurs when a person has had time to contemplate and make up their mind to take action (Whitney, 2018). People can be unwilling to change for many reasons. They might not be cognitively capable, physically ready, or psychologically ready (Ashton & Oermann, 2014). For example, newly diagnosed patients are often in denial or have not accepted the diagnosis, so they may not be willing to intitally learn about their condition or their care. Another example, is when a parent of a child with a TBI is still grieving and may leave the room when their child needs to be cathed, toileted, or connected to a feeding pump. In this case, patient teaching that includes the parent’s active participation in their child’s care is not the focus. 

Ashton, K., & Oermann, M.(2014). Patient education in home care: strategies for success. Home Healthcare Now,32(5),288-294. Retrieved from

Nursing Theories. (2011). Health promotion model. Retrieved from 

Whitney, S. (2018) Teaching and learning styles. In Grand Canyon University (Eds.), Health promotion: health & wellness across the continuum. Retrieved from

(2) citation references 150 words

Banduras Self efficiency theory of behavior change is a health promotion model that was made the model by Albert Bandura. This model focused on the feelings of self-efficacy can lead to competency (Whitney, 2018). Bandura believed that patients/individuals have the power to bring their own outcomes to fruition. Its stated that there are three factors influence self-efficacy which are behaviors, environment, and personal/cognitive factors. The theory focuses on how learning is influenced by repetition, reinforcement, and symbolic modeling. (Whitney, 2018). This model helps by giving power to the patient in changing their outcomes and behaviors.

Some barriers that effect a patients ability to earn and language, environment, socioeconomic status, illness and the patients readiness to learn. Language is an obvious barrier to learning, if a patients first language isnt English and the nurse who is caring for said patient only speaks English there is going to be an inability to teach/learn. In this situation the use of translators and informational and educational packets/ videos in the patients preferred language are helpful and overcoming this barrier. The environment in which learning or teaching is done is also very important. If the environmental is full of distraction, loud noises, family members and nurses in and out or even a roommate it can cause the patient to ot focused on the teaching that is taking place. Nurse must ensure that before teaching is done that the environment is prepared. This involves elimination of all distractions, turning of the tv, having family members and staff exit the room and so on.

If a patient isnt ready to learn or change the teaching is useless. Attitude and behaviors are one of the biggest factors in not just healing but learning as well. When patients arent ready or willing, the information they receive wont be absorbed or it will be ignored which will lead to possible worsening of the patients illness and negative outcome. A Nurse has to ensure the patient is in the right mindset to learn, receive information and change. This can be done be a simple readiness to learn assessment by the nurse.

References

Whitney, S. (2018) Health Promotion: Health & Wellness Across the Continuum. Grand Canyon University. https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs429vn/health-promotion-health-and-wellness-across-the-continuum/v1.1/#/chapter/1

Part 1

Capstone Change   Project Evaluation Plan 

Review your strategic plan to implement the change proposal, the objectives, the outcomes, and listed resources. Develop a process to evaluate the intervention if it were implemented. Write a 150-250 word summary of the evaluation plan that will be used to evaluate your intervention.

The assignment will be used to develop a written implementation plan.

APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

Part 2

Professional   Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal 

Students are required to submit weekly reflective narratives throughout the course that will culminate in a final, course-long reflective journal due in Topic 10. The narratives help students integrate leadership and inquiry into current practice.

This reflection journal also allows students to outline what they have discovered about their professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses, and additional resources that could be introduced in a given situation to influence optimal outcomes. Each week students should also explain how they met a course competency or course objective(s).

In each week’s entry, students should reflect on the personal knowledge and skills gained throughout the course. Journal entries should address one or more of the areas stated below.  In the Topic 10 graded submission, each of the areas below should be addressed as part of the summary submission.

1. New      practice approaches
2. Interprofessional      collaboration
3. Health      care delivery and clinical systems
4. Ethical      considerations in health care
5. Practices      of culturally sensitive care
6. Ensuring      the integrity of human dignity in the care of all patients
7. Population      health concerns
8. The      role of technology in improving health care outcomes
9. Health      policy
10. Leadership      and economic models
11. Health      disparities

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

(1) 150 words citation and references 

The role and responsibility of nurses as health educators is of great importance in the nursing field. Nurses educate patients and families not only on how to manage conditions that have already been diagnosed but also how to prevent other medical conditions from occurring. Teaching lifestyle changes to each patient is of great importance to manage and prevent further complications. Nurses have a great responsibility in educating patients and giving them the knowledge to properly care for themselves. According to Whitney (2018) The nurse can improve patient satisfaction and outcomes by implementing quality educational interventions based on the patients specific educational needs (Whitney, 2018, para. 20). It is the responsibility of the nurse to determine what the educational needs of the patient are and then educate the patient accordingly.

There are many things to take into consideration when educating a patient. Just because a patient is literate does not mean that he/she fully understands the information that is being given to him/her. According to Whitney (2018) They may be able to read and write but have difficulty understanding health-related information, such as discharge instructions, reading prescription labels, or scheduling follow-up appointments (Whitney, 2018, para. 17). It is necessary to educate patients using language that is easy understand. Educating a patient should be done without distractions, if possible, so that his/her full attention remains on what is being taught. It is also important that the patient can tell the nurse in their own words their understanding of what has been taught so that the nurse is certain that the teaching was successful. Denault, Wilcox, Breda, & Duhamel (2019) states Take ownership of your practice by telling patients that if they don’t understand their health information, it’s your responsibility to work with them until they do (Denault, Wilcox, Breda, & Duhamel, 2019, para. 12). The patient must understand that the nurse is there for them and will take the time with them to be certain that he/she understands the teaching that is being provided.

Behavioral objectives are utilized when creating the care plan. Care plans are an important part of providing the best care for patients. According to Whitney (2018) Nurses teaching efforts are not always successful. When nurses create behavioral objectives, it is based on the assumption that the patient is willing to change (Whitney, 2018, para. 24). Although nurses have the best interest of the patient at heart, if the patient is unwilling to make the necessary changes the teaching provided may not be successful. It is imperative that a thorough assessment is obtained so that the behavioral objectives are appropriate for each individual patient.

References

Denault, D. L., Wilcox, S. M., Breda, K., & Duhamel, K.V. (2019). Teach-back: An underutilized tool. American Nurse Today, 14(6), 6-1. Retrieved from

Whitney, S. (2018). Grand Canyon University (Ed). Health promotion: Health & wellness across the continuum. Retrieved from

(2) 150 WORDS CITATION AND REFERENCES

The role of the Registered Nurse as it pertains to a health educator is to implement evidence-based interventions and health counseling tailored to each patient individual needs. The nurse must first learn the patient needs during the assessment phase. Doing so the nurse will learn the barriers of the patient and how to overcome them by adjusting to their needs. The goal is to promote self-care which will in turn decrease the chances of a readmission to the hospital.

There are several models that can be used to provide a tailored care plan for patients. One of the very first models studied as a nurse is Maslows hierarchy of needs. Maslows breaks down the basic needs of an individual that must be met for survival. The needs are physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self- actualization with physiological being the most important. If the basic physiological needs of air, water food, shelter and clothing arent met then it makes it difficult for the patient to adhere to health goals.

In every care plan the first thing a nurse must do is identify teaching strategies that will be best for the patient. Understanding the patient will aide in the behavioral objectives for the patient. Behavioral objectives are realistic expected changes in a patient to increase health promotion. (Whitney, S.).

References:

Whitney, S. (2018). Health Promotion: Health and Wellness Across the Continuum. In Grand Canyon University(1st ed.). Retrieved from. https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs429vn/health-promotion-health-and-wellness-across-the-continuum/v1.1/#/chapter/1

1) **********minimum 4 full pages**************************** (cover, table appendix page or reference page not included) 

2)**********APA norms 

3)********** It will be verified by Turnitin and SafeAssign 

4) **********References from the last 5 years   

5) The points don’t be must copied in the work. It must be identified by numbers. 

For example

1. The Community is…………………………..

2.  Community health status is………………………..

______________________________________________________

Community Health Assessment / Windshield Survey

Community Assessment

A community health assessment (sometimes called a CHA), also known as community health needs assessment (sometimes called a CHNA), refers to a state, tribal, local, or territorial health assessment that identifies key health needs and issues through systematic, comprehensive data collection and analysis. 

GUIDELINES:

(Select 1 City of USA)

1.  Community description (City and population) 

2. Community health status (must obtain from the department of health).

3. The role of the community as a client.

4. Healthy people 2020, lading health indictors in your community.

5. Conclusion.

Also, you must present a table as an appendix page with the following topics and description;

Housing

Transportation

Race and ethnicity

Open space

Service centers

Religion and politics

 The form attached is to be filled out on each one of these condition for a total of six separate assignment please save each one under the specified condition name. 

SIADH

Hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis

Hypothyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Type 1 diabetes

1) **********minimum 4 full pages**************************** (cover, table appendix page or reference page not included) 

2)**********APA norms 

3)********** It will be verified by Turnitin and SafeAssign 

4) **********References from the last 5 years   

5) The points don’t be must copied in the work. It must be identified by numbers. 

For example

1. The Community is…………………………..

2.  Community health status is………………………..

______________________________________________________

Community Health Assessment / Windshield Survey

Community Assessment

A community health assessment (sometimes called a CHA), also known as community health needs assessment (sometimes called a CHNA), refers to a state, tribal, local, or territorial health assessment that identifies key health needs and issues through systematic, comprehensive data collection and analysis. 

GUIDELINES:

(Select 1 City of USA)

1.  Community description (City and population) 

2. Community health status (must obtain from the department of health).

3. The role of the community as a client.

4. Healthy people 2020, lading health indictors in your community.

5. Conclusion.

Also, you must present a table as an appendix page with the following topics and description;

Housing

Transportation

Race and ethnicity

Open space

Service centers

Religion and politics

1) **********minimum 6 full pages**************************** (cover or reference page not included)
2)**********APA norms
3)********** It will be verified by Turnitin and SafeAssign
4) **********References from the last 5 years  

 5) The points don’t be must copied in the work. It must be identified by numbers. 

For example

1. The communicable disease is…………………………..

2. The social determinantsare………………………… 

____________________________________________________

Write a paper in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain,” “Chain of Infection,” and the CDC website for assistance when completing this assignment.

Communicable Disease Selection

1. Chickenpox
2. Tuberculosis
3. Influenza
4. Mononucleosis
5. Hepatitis B
6. HIV
7. Ebola
8. Measles
9. Polio
10. Influenza

Epidemiology Paper Requirements

1) Describe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence) 

A) Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc.

2) Describe the social determinants of health 

A) Explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease.

3) Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. 

A) Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. 

B) Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population?

4) Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collection, data analysis, and follow-up) 

A) why demographic data are necessary to the health of the community.

5) Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen 

A) describe how the organizations contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of disease.

6) Discuss a global implication of the disease. 

A) How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? 

B) Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example.

This project is about building a toolkit to help any one of these target populations using knowledge, nursing interventions and processes. 

Select and identify one of the following as a target population: opioid addiction, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, domestic violence victim, school ages bullying victim, survivor of mass shooting, returning military personnel with PTSD. 

Identify the: 

biological

psychological 

environmental

sociocultural

behavioral 

and health system determinants that may influence the target population you selected.  

Minimum of 1 page plus a title and reference page. APA format and must include at least 2 nursing peer reviewed journal articles 

CASE STUDY 1

HH is a 68 yo M who has been admitted to the medical ward with community-acquired pneumonia for the past 3 days. His PMH is significant for COPD, HTN, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. He remains on empiric antibiotics, which include ceftriaxone 1 g IV qday (day 3) and azithromycin 500 mg IV qday (day 3). Since admission, his clinical status has improved, with decreased oxygen requirements. He is not tolerating a diet at this time with complaints of nausea and vomiting.

Ht: 58 Wt: 89 kg Allergies: Penicillin (rash)

Post a brief description of your patients health needs from the patient case study you assigned. Be specific. Then, explain the type of treatment regimen you would recommend for treating your patient, including the choice or pharmacotherapeutics you would recommend and explain why. Be sure to justify your response. Explain a patient education strategy you might recommend for assisting your patient with the management of their health needs. Be specific and provide examples.