QUESTION 1: An international terrorist organization has established operations in Mexico and has purchased a well-known crop dusting franchise located in Tamaulipas, Mexico. The purpose of the purchase is to enable the organization to unleash chemical agents against specific targets in the United States. Can the small planes cross the U.S. border undetected as well as penetrate the unsuspecting targets without fear of attack from U.S. defensive measures? What impact would such actions have on future defensive measures by the United States or any other country?

Your response should be at least 200 words in length.

QUESTION 2: Terrorist organizations in Afghanistan want to systematically eliminate United Nations forces from each location in Afghanistan and know that small arms fire and high explosives, although effective, will fall short of forcing enemy troops to leave; however, they have tons of sarin gas that could, if properly placed and activated, based on the prevailing winds, effectively destroy the troop concentrations in each location; especially if simultaneous attacks were unleashed across the country.

How can we mitigate such attacks and develop strategies to prevent such attacks or at least properly respond to diminish the effects of the gas?

Your response should be at least 300 words in length.

Each question is separate, it is not a paper.

QUESTION 1: Throughout the history of global and civil wars military forces have relied on various forms of chemicals to enhance the probability of successfully defeating the enemy, even at the risk of incurring casualty and deaths within allied forces. Name one toxic industrial chemical that has been employed during wartime efforts and describe the impact of that chemical, as well as the resulting Chemical Weapon Conventions that have been imposed to regulate the future use of such chemicals.

Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

QUESTION 2: According to your textbook, ammonia is one primary ingredient included in fertilizers for agricultural products throughout the United States as well as globally. Various fertilizers may be mixed with other chemicals to create a high explosive such as the one used against the Oklahoma Federal Building. How are those chemicals used to create a weapons of mass destruction, and how is access controlled by the federal government to diminish the probability of such attacks in the future?

Your response should be at least 200 words in length.

QUESTION 3: What is white phosphorous, and what are the commercial applications of this chemical? Why is this a typical weapon used in military operations? What are the effects of the chemical on the human body? Is white phosphorous still an effective weapon today?

Your response should be at least 200 words in length.

Each Question is separate, it is not a paper.

Instructions

Impact of Toxic Industrial Chemicals/Materials (TICs/TIMs)

Many forms of TICs have been used during combat operations in wars throughout the world. One of the more memorable uses of a TIC is the use of Agent Orange, a defoliant including dioxin as well as numerous other chemicals, during the Vietnam War with an impact that spans across the past 50 years. The U.S. government and manufacturers of the deadly chemical allegedly sprayed and otherwise disbursed it from planes and helicopters indiscriminately for the express purpose of destroying the jungle vegetation that served as a camouflage for the North Vietnamese and Vietcong troops opposing the U.S. military. One could easily reason that any chemical that would completely defoliate a 40-foott-tall jungle canopy could equally destroy any other lifeform as well. The Veterans Administration, the U.S. federal government, and manufacturers have begun actions to accept some responsibility for the health issues left in the wake of this deadly chemical on Vietnamese people and Vietnam War combat veterans still suffering today.

Research Agent Orange, and the possibility that the chemical has been responsible for the death and health issues of millions of people during and since the Vietnam War. Based on prior scientific research by the facilities developing and producing this product, what scientific information existed to warn users that the chemical was a hazard to human and animal life either through direct contact, consumption of food products that were contaminated by indiscriminate spraying of the chemical, or through mishandling during manufacture, storage, or distribution of this chemical? Was the chemical intentionally, indiscriminately, disbursed knowing that immediate and long-term effects would impact any human and animal life coming in contact with the chemical?

Even in the war in Afghanistan today, our military and political leaders must consider the immediate and long-term impact of collateral damage as well as justification of any weapon of mass destruction, chemical or otherwise. Did such scientific research during the creation of Agent Orange provide any level of risk analysis that provided our military leaders with a projected percentage of collateral damage, which equated to acceptable losses of human or animal life directly or indirectly related to the aerial disbursement of this chemical? If such risk analysis did exist, did it include long-term impact projections? What effort has the United States government provided to compensate and care for those whose lives have been destroyed by this chemical within the U.S. and the country of Vietnam? Are such chemicals still used in military operations? What should be done for the millions of families across the globe who suffer from the debilitating effects of this chemical? Is blatant abuse of the distribution of industrial toxic chemicals relevant today?
Write a minimum three-page, double-spaced paper summarizing the effects of the use of Agent Orange not only on the victims, but also on the families and communities in which victims live as well as the citizens of Vietnam.

Your paper should discuss:

signs and symptoms;
time span between exposure and symptom expression;
mode of exposure (injection, inhalation, cutaneous, etc.), prevention, and treatment with statistical data;
locality impacts (weather, location, population, etc.);
sociological impacts;
scientific data and research techniques;
technology and development; and
counteraction strategies.
Your case study must fully comply with APA requirements, which means that the case study must include an APA formatted cover page with the APA running head, APA headings (Introductory heading, intermediate headings, and a conclusion), APA formatted in-text citations for all direct quotes and paraphrased information, and an APA formatted reference section with the heading, references, centered above that reference section on a separate last page. The cover and reference pages do not count toward the total page requirement.