As the second millennium BCE began so did trade, warfare, and kingdom building. The world witnessed the growth of states developing under common laws and customs rather than solely based on geography. Initially, climate change brought droughts to once fertile populace centers forcing herdsman to travel in search of food and land. These nomadic invasions would ultimately bring cultures closer through their interactions in trade and conquest. Technological advances of the time, like the wheeled chariot, would aid in the movement of peoples and goods around Northeast Africa and Asia. Societies once separated would now find themselves linked culturally and economically.

During this period of political expansion the Assyrian Empire in Mesopotamia and the Persian Empire in Iran developed as superpowers. Their political organization allowed them to expand beyond their “ethnic” boundaries absorbing areas and populations well beyond their geographic nucleus. Within these larger territories were more resources and humans to be exploited for the benefit of the empire. The Zhou Dynasty was experiencing a similar expansion in China. Although the leaders were able to integrate larger areas of land, they were faced with strong local lords which hindered the overall strength of the centralized government.

As each empire developed, their political, social, and economic structures evolved to best address their needs. The lasting political, cultural, and religious contributions of these larger political entities are numerous. From the Phoenicians an alphabet originated. Monotheism developed in the Middle East. The idea of a revolving universal time, reincarnation, developed in Vedic Asia. And the Zhou provided a social order.

Respond: Based on your reading of Worlds Together, Worlds Apart; the Interactive Timeline  and the Crash Course video on Chinese history:

Discuss the governing styles of the early empires (Persians, Assyrians, Zhou, etc). Specifically identify the similarities that existed to create these larger, successful empires. Which empire do you find to have been most successful and why?

Provide specific examples as evidence of similarities
Identify the civilization you find to be most successful
Provide examples as evidence of success
Explain how the examples demonstrate success
Hint: what counts as success, including who determines it, should be part of the discussion

1.Introduction

The Annotated Bibliography is part of your final project.  Students are to provide annotations for five primary sources find about (The Rise of Christianity)and five secondary sources find about(The Rise of Christianity)that will then be used in the final project.  Sources should be directly related to the final projects topic.  Annotations should be a paragraph (about 100 words).

For secondary sources, students should use high quality scholarly sources, especially scholarly monographs or articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals. Students should avoid using the textbook, encyclopedia articles, or anonymously authored websites.

For primary sources, students should be looking for documents which were originally written during the time period they are trying to study. While architectural or archaeological remains certainly do qualify as primary sources which can be used by scholars to reconstruct the past, they are problematic for an assignment like this. Written documents from the past should be your focus!

2.What is an Annotated Bibliography?

An annotated bibliography is an organized list of sources (like a reference list). It differs from a straightforward bibliography in that each reference is followed by a paragraph length annotation,  about 100 words in length.

3.What is the purpose of an Annotated Bibliography?

Provide a literature review on a particular subject
Help to formulate a thesis on a subject
Demonstrate the research you have performed on a particular subject
Provide examples of major sources of information available on a topic
Describe items that other researchers may find of interest on a topic.

4.What am I required to include in my Annotated Bibliography?

For Primary Sources:

Bibliographic information according to Chicago style.
The name and background of the author, if known.
The date the document was originally written, if known.
The authors purpose in writing the document and its historical context.
Any bias displayed by the author.
The significance of the document (i.e., why should anybody in the present care?).
For Secondary Sources:

Bibliographic information according to Chicago style.
The name and scholarly background of the author (education, publications, university appointments, etc.)
The authors main argument (note, this is not the same thing as a simple description of the subject matter– what is the author trying to say about this subject?).
The specific types of evidence used to support the authors main argument (are they primary sources? Scholarly secondary works?).
How successful/convincing is the authors argument?
5. You should find Five Primary Sources about(The Rise of Christianity), And find Five Secondary Sources about(The Rise of Christianity).
6. Please read all the instructions carefully which is on above.Then you will get idea what to do.

Select one essay from the choices below. Remember, don’t just summarize or report, discuss and analyze! How we understand history doesn’t occur in a vacuum. Even if the basic facts are not in question, how we come to understand what the facts mean is very much a matter of our own socially and culturally situated viewpoints.

Discuss the impact of geography on the development of the early civilizations and their progression over time. Specifically compare the differences between those civilizations that developed around one river (Egypt and India) versus those surrounded by two rivers (Mesopotamia and China).
Compare the the cultural integration and expansion of centralized and decentralized governments. Identify how the structure of the government either improved or hindered the expansion, both politically and culturally, of the civilizations.
Essays should be

900-1500 words in length, double spaced
Include both internal citations and a works cited page using the Chicago Manual of Style, which Rampolla details and you can find online at the Purdue OWLOpens in a new window or the Chicago Manual of Style OnlineOpens in a new window.
Utilize multiple sources including Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, Mapping Historyopens in a new window and the Crash Course videos. (Please focus primarily on the course texts and keep supplemental materials to just that–supplemental.)

Introduction/Context:
In the first half of the course, we have spent a significant amount of time exploring the connections between Western civilizations like Greece and Rome with other civilizations in North Africa and the Near East. We understand that Western civilizations did not rise in a vacuum, isolated from the rest of the world. Now it is time to reflect on the relationship between the West and other parts of the world.

Question:
Between 500 BCE to 1204 CE, did North African and Near Eastern civilizations have a greater impact on Western civilizations like Greece and Rome, or was influence stronger from the West to North Africa and the Near East?

Instructions:
There is no single right answer to this question. It is up to you to design a persuasive argumentative thesis statement based on the lecture and reading materials from the first half of our course. You may choose to argue that the West and East mutually influenced each other to an equal extent. Regardless, your thesis statement needs analytical categories based on specific social, cultural, or economic historical dynamics discussed in our class. In other words, it needs to explain why. You cannot just re-state the questionyou need a thesis statement that refers to specific factors. Your argument must then be backed up by detailed evidence from both the lectures and readings.

Unlike the weekly short essays, you must have an introduction and conclusion in the midterm and final essays. These essays should be between 750-1000 words in Times New Roman size 12 font. You are required to include at least 5 key words from the lecture, as well as footnotes (Chicago/Turabian) to at least 3 of the assigne book 100 objects by  MacGregor or primary source readings.

Explain the evolution of slavery in Colonial America. How did it begin? Where was it centered? Was it different between the colonies? Did it changeor evolve over time? And what contributions did slaves have upon American culture and society in Colonial North America (THIS IS MY TOPIC)
USE THE TEXT BOOK, “Brinkley, Alan. Unfinished Nation: Concise History of American People”
Be sure to write in third person